Effects of perioperative parenteral nutrition on wound healing and hospital stay in surgical patients: a randomized controlled study

Background: The present randomized controlled study was carried out over a period of one year to observe the effects of perioperative parenteral nutrition on wound healing and hospital stay.Methods: Hundred patients, admitted in Department of surgery, Government Medical Srinagar were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A (Study group) and group B (Control group). Group A patients were given perioperative parenteral nutritional support whereas patients in control group received no perioperatve parenteral nutritional support.Results: Complications like wound infections, sepsis, abscess formation, anastomotic leak and wound dehiscence were considerably less in the study group. The time period to resolve complications and overall hospital stay was also less in the study group.Conclusions: Parenteral perioperative nutritional support has a definite role in the management of selected surgical patients. It reduces the septic or non-septic complication and over all post-operative hospital stay. It should be included in the management of surgical patients if affordable.

Correlation of height with hand length and breadth in adult Kashmiri population of Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir

Background: Nature has designed the anatomical framework of an individual in such a way that the significant correlation between different body parts do exists which can be applied to solve the conflicts and controversies, and also there is strong ethnic and geographical variations among individuals is considered to be important assessment in identification of unknown human remains. Estimation of stature from hand dimensions which is one of the very important chapters in the field of Forensic anthropometry.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 200 participants (100male and 100 female) of Kashmiri population from district Baramulla of Jammu and Kashmir over a period of 4 months during 2021-22. Hand dimensions along with hand dimensions along with stature were measured instead of hand dimensions along with stature and weight were measured. Linear regression coefficient was calculated.Results: Obtained were statistically significant and showed a positive correlation between height and hand length. P value was <0.05.Conclusions: The correlation between height and hand dimensions ( length and breadth) instead of height and hand length measurements of an individual were statistically significant. This significance of correlation between the measurements can be used practically in forensic medicine to establish identity of persons in case of accidents and disasters where bodies are mutilated and body parts are fragmented

Correlation of humeral length and its segments in a sample of Indian population: an osteological study

Background: Anthropometry measurements are very useful and have definite medico legal significance. In case of missing persons in the absence of pelvis and cranium, the remains of long bones of an individual play an important role in anthropological practice for morphometric analysis. The stature of an individual can be estimated from the humerus alone. Estimating the mean values of different segments of humerus helps in forensic and anthropometric practice. Previous studies have confirmed that humerus is one of the strongest long bones of the human skeleton and its fragments can be recorded in a forensic case. The present study was done to assess the mean values of different segments of humerus and their correlation with its length.Methods: Seventy dry adult humerus bones (32 rights and 38 left) were collected randomly from the anatomy department. Broken bones and the bones in a poor condition were excluded from the study. The segments of the humerus were studied for morphometric analysis.Results: All of the measurements were obtained in millimetres (mm). The measurement of the maximum length of humerus (MHH) was done by using an otseometric board and the different segments of humerus were measured by a vernier calliper (precision=0.cm). Mean and SD were calculated.Conclusions: This study has helped us to observe the maximum length of humerus and the mean values of the different segments of humerus in a sample of Indian population. The study also suggests that there are some differences between various segments of humerus within different populations

Morphometeric study of dens and its clinical importance

Background: The axis vertebra's distinguishing characteristic is the existence of the odontoid process. The axis vertebra's morphology is very different from the morphologies of the other cervical vertebrae. Surgery on the axis vertebrae is exceedingly risky, and dens of axis vertebrae fractures are fairly common. As a result, it is essential to have a good grasp of the anatomical variance before performing the procedure. The study aimed to evaluate the morphometric parameters of the odontoid process of the axis vertebra. The different anatomical parameters of the odontoid process of the vertebra will be measured and compared with the previously studied parameters. Methods: Thirty dried human axis vertebrae of unknown sex will be taken. The linear and angular morphometric measurements of odontoid process will be recorded by using vernier caliper and goniometer. Results: The mean height, a-p diameter, and minimum and maximum width were 15.8mm, 10.7mm, 10.3mm and 8.5mm respectively. The total height and vertical angle were 38.1mm and 52.2 degrees respectively. Conclusions: To prevent damage to vital components and to help treat dens fractures, the information gleaned from this study may be helpful to surgeons working around the dens of the axis vertebra

Sexual dimorphism of nasal index, nasal breadth and nasal height among young Kashmiri population

Background: Nose contributes as a very important and prominent part of the face; and occupies the most visible position on normafrontalis. There is an anthropometric harmony between different structures of face including nose, lips, eyes, forehead, chin and cheek. Our study was aimed to determine sexual and ethnic differences in external nose measurements of young adult Kashmiri population and to provide baseline data for reconstructive cosmetic surgeons and forensic experts.Methods: This study was conducted among 300 healthy participants (150 males and 150 females) belonging to Kashmiri population. Nasal height, length and breadth were measured using a vernier caliper. Then, the nasal index was determined for each subject. The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis.Results: In case of males, mean nasal index was 83.31±12.31 mm, mean nasal length was 57.28±4.51 mm, mean nasal breadth was 48.41 mm and mean nasal height was 36.17±20.9 mm, while in case of females mean nasal index was 226.83±46.41 mm, mean nasal length was 50.16±3.54 mm, mean nasal height was 13.97±2.01 mm and mean nasal breadth was 31.02 mm.Conclusions: Nasal type among the Kashmiri male population is predominantly mesorrhine while in females it is hyperplatyrrine or very wide nose

Quantitative and qualitative changes in human Meissner’s corpuscle at different ages: a light microscopic analysis

Background:Meissner’s corpuscle is the most complex sensory receptors of the skin; providing information about rapidly fluctuating mechanical forces acting on the hairless skin. Aim of current study was to study density and structural changes in human Meissner’s corpuscles at different agesMethods:Samples were obtained from finger tips of fifteen persons and divided into three groups according to age: group A <15years; group B: 16-45 years and group C: 46-72 years. 5 µm thick sections were prepared, impregnated with silver and observed under compound light microscope. Density of Meissner’s corpuscles (Mcs) was studied by calculating Meissner’s Index (MI).Results:In group A, the MI was 0.86-0.90, which increased to 0.96 in group B and dropped in group C to 0.4 (in the seventh decade). The analysis of variance showed significant difference (P = 0.019) in MIs of the three age groups. The size of the Mcs was largest in group B, followed by group C and smallest in group A. The analysis of variance showed that there was highly significant difference (P = 0.003) between the size of Mcs in all the three age groups. It was observed that morphology of Mcs alter with age. In children these consisted of rudimentary coil of nerve fibers around collection of cells. In adults the intra-corpuscular nerve fibers were compressed into a tight spiral and modifications of nerve fibers, like end bulbs, varicosities and networks, were well developed. In old age Mcs were attenuated consisting of tangled mass of nerve fibers.  Conclusion:It can be concluded that in adults the Mcs are greater in number, larger in size and complicated in structure, compared to young and old people.

Structural organization and pattern of innervations of human Meissner’s corpuscle: a light microscopic study

Background: Human glabrous skin has very rich nerve supply in the form of specialized nerve endings like Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Krause end bulbs etc for carrying sensory information to brain. Aim of study: To study the structure, pattern of innervations and nerve terminations of human Meissner’s corpuscle. Methods: Skin samples from sixty human beings (age range 2 to 72 years) were taken, sections prepared and stained with a cytological (Haematoxylin – Eosin and Vongieson’s stains) and a neural stain (Silver Impregnation). Results: With cytological stain, Meissner’s corpuscles were seen in dermal papillae of glabrous skin, each consisting of a cellular structure having a peripheral capsule and central core of transversely arranged cells. With neural stain, each corpuscle was seen to be oval, globular or cylindrical structure, having a capsule surrounding the core of spirally arranged nerve fibers, sandwiched by Schwann cells. In between nerve fibers of the core were seen small bundles of collagen fibers. 2-6 nerve fibers innervated each Mc from the sub corial plexus of nerves and formed various patterns of nerve endings like networks, end bulbs and varicosities inside the Meissner’s corpuscle. Conclusion: Meissner’s corpuscle is a complex structure composed of capsule - consisting of spindle shaped capsular cells interspersed in collagen fibers, surrounding a core of helically arranged nerve fibers, Schwann cells and collagen fibers

Effects of lithium carbonate on the microanatomy of thyroid gland of albino rats

Background: Lithium is routinely used to treat mania and other psychiatric disorders. It prevents the mood swing changes in bipolar disorders and the treatment is usually prolonged. Aim of current study was to observe histological changes in the thyroid gland of lithium carbonate treated albino rats.Methods: Sixty albino rats were taken and divided into two groups, group A (control group) of 15 animals, were fed with normal diet and group B of 45 animals, were fed normal diet along with lithium carbonate at the dose of 30mg/kg body weight daily. The animals were sacrificed at four, eight and twelve week’s interval, 5µm sections prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain.Results: Microscopic changes in thyroid gland of albino rats were evident after 8 weeks of drug administration which include marked pleomorphism, shrinkage in size of thyroid follicles, excess of colloid and marked vacuolations in acini. At 12th week of study, follicles were found both macro and micro follicular, with variable lining epithelium and hyperchromatic nuclei. Lining epithelium of some follicles was disrupted. The stroma was infiltrated with lymphocytes and eosinophils and there were some interfollicular hemorrhages. Conclusions: Lithium given over prolonged period will cause macro and micro follicular goiter with hyperplastic epithelium and hyper chromatic nuclei, hyperplasia of stroma with increased vascularity, sometimes hemorrhages and finally may lead to thyroiditis like picture. So, it is advised that patients on lithium therapy should be periodically evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.