Bifurcation analysis based on a material model with stress-rate dependency and non-associated flow rule for fracture prediction in metal forming

Recent increasing application of advanced high-strength metals causes grow-ing demand for accurate fracture prediction in metal forming simulation. However, since the construction of objective and reliable fracture prediction method is generally difficult, essential progress in fundamental theory that supports evolution of fracture rediction framework is required. In this study, a fracture prediction framework based on the bifurcation theory is pre- sented. The main achievement is a novel material model based on stress-rate dependency related with non-associate flow rule. This model is based on non-associated flow rule with independent arbitrary higher-order yield function and plastic potential function for any anisotropic materials. And this formulation is combined with the stress-rate depen- dency plastic constitutive equation, which is known as Ito-Goya model, to construct a generalized plastic constitutive model in which non-normality and non-associativity are reasonably considered. Then, by adopting the three-dimensional bifurcation theory, which is known as the 3D localized bifurcation theory, more accurate prediction of the initiation of shear band is realized, leading to general and reliable construction of forming limit dia- gram. Then, by using virtual material data, numerical simulation is carried out to exhibit fracture limit diagram for demonstrating the generality and reliability of the proposed methodology. In particular, the effect of stress-rate dependency on the bifurcation analy- sis is investigated, and the order of the yield function is used to investigate the influence on the forming limit prediction

The magma-hydrothermal transition zone on the East Pacific Rise

Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Geological Sciences, with Honors. Department of Earth and Enviromental SciencesSeawater circulation in the subsurface of submarine hydrothermal systems has an important role in chemical exchange between seawater and ocean crust. The boundary layer between hydrothermally and magmatically dominated regions in these systems remains poorly understood, and in order to understand this better, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) drilled a hole in the eastern Pacific Ocean and recovered basement rocks that record the hydrothermal alteration history of this interval. This study investigates the mineralogy and geochemistry of granoblastic and gabbroic rocks recovered by IODP from this drill hole. Minerals were identified using microprobe analysis and temperatures at the time of rock formation were calculated from amphibole-plagioclase thermometer. These analyses indicate that hydrothermal fluids were still dominant at the deepest section of this well (> 1500 m below seafloor). The results from this study confirm the presence of hydrothermal activities at great depths and contributed to further understanding of this boundary layer in hydrothermal systems.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98428/1/Ito_Gen_HonorsThesis_April2013.pdf3

In Silico Study of Rett Syndrome Treatment-Related Genes, MECP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1, by Evolutionary Classification and Disordered Region Assessment

Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is mainly caused by mutations in methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), which has multiple functions such as binding to methylated DNA or interacting with a transcriptional co-repressor complex. It has been established that alterations in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) or forkhead box protein G1 (FOXG1) correspond to distinct neurodevelopmental disorders, given that a series of studies have indicated that RTT is also caused by alterations in either one of these genes. We investigated the evolution and molecular features of MeCP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1 and their binding partners using phylogenetic profiling to gain a better understanding of their similarities. We also predicted the structural order–disorder propensity and assessed the evolutionary rates per site of MeCP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1 to investigate the relationships between disordered structure and other related properties with RTT. Here, we provide insight to the structural characteristics, evolution and interaction landscapes of those three proteins. We also uncovered the disordered structure properties and evolution of those proteins which may provide valuable information for the development of therapeutic strategies of RTT

Twenty barrel in situ pipe gun type solid hydrogen pellet injector for the Large Helical Device

A 20 barrel solid hydrogen pellet injector, which is able to inject 20 cylindrical pellets with a diameter and length of between 3.0 and 3.8 mm at the velocity of 1200 m/s, has been developed for the purpose of direct core fueling in LHD (Large Helical Device). The in situ pipe gun concept with the use of compact cryo-coolers enables stable operation as a fundamental facility in plasma experiments. The combination of the two types of pellet injection timing control modes, i.e., pre-programing mode and real-time control mode, allows the build-up and sustainment of high density plasma around the density limit. The pellet injector has demonstrated stable operation characteristics during the past three years of LHD experiments

Correlations Among Consistency, Computed Tomography Values, and Histopathological Subtypes of Spinal Meningioma

The consistency of spinal meningiomas is important to consider when performing tumor removal surgery. This study evaluated the correlations between spinal meningioma consistency and both preoperative computed tomography (CT) values and histopathological subtypes. Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of spinal meningioma at our institution were identified, and preoperative CT values and the signal intensity of T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the tumor were determined retrospectively. The consistency of the spinal meningioma was defined based on the ultrasonic surgical aspirator output during tumor debulking. Patients were assigned to 2 groups: a soft group (n=4) and a hard group (n=11). The T2 signal intensity was significantly higher in the soft group than in the hard group (p=0.001). While the CT values were considerably higher in the hard group, the difference was not significant (p=0.19). Regarding the histopathological subtypes, psammomatous meningioma exhibited significantly higher CT values than meningothelial meningioma (p=0.019); however, there was a higher frequency of hard tumors in meningothelial meningioma cases than in psammomatous meningioma cases. Although neither robust correlations between tumor consistency and CT values nor a relationship between tumor consistency and histopathological subtype has been established, these results might help with the perioperative manegement of spinal tumors

Student Abstract Competition

Articlehttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97000/1/UMURJ-Issue07_2010-StudentAbstractCompetition.pd

New detections of feldspar-bearing volcanic rocks in the walls of Valles Marineris, Mars

Data is a collection of Tiff files of the different series bundled into zip files.Eight new detections of plagioclase-like signatures are reported in their original geologic context in the walls of Valles Marineris. At one location, the feldspar signatures are clearly associated with a 200 m thick sub-horizontal layer, hinting at an eruptive origin. DTM and image were calculated using the NASA Ames Stereopipeline.Detection of plagioclase feldspar minerals from remote sensing instruments onboard Mars missions is difficult, and only a handful of occurrences have been reported so far. We present here new detections of such minerals in the giant martian canyon of Valles Marineris, exposed in their original context, and associated at least in one location, to a 200 m thick sub-horizontal layer within the walls. Analyses were performed using visible near-infrared spectral data, which are commonly compared to reference spectra of known terrestrial minerals, or mineral powders, acquired in the laboratory. Whereas previous detections were interpreted as evidence for plagioclase-dominated, or at least, nearly mafic-free, plutonic rocks, we argue here that the Valles Marineris outcrops correspond to erupted, volcanic products. The signature of plagioclase could originate from large crystals hosted in mafic, intermediate, or felsic volcanic rocks; from a lava flow, or from welded ashes. Our new observations confirm that plagioclase detections on Mars can correspond to multiple types of rocks and bring more clues to ongoing debates regarding the extent of Mars' magmatic processes and the nature of its crust.We are grateful to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter team for the availability of the data. This study was supported by the CNRS Momentum, LUE future leader programs, and the French “Program National de Planétologie”. The authors acknowledge the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under grant ANR-21-CE49-0003 (MARS-Spec). CRISM data have been processed with the MarsSI (marssi.univ-lyon1.fr) application founded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) (ERC Grant Agreement No. 280168). The component of the work by Frank Fueten was funded by an NSERC discovery grant

Absence of CC chemokine receptor 8 enhances innate immunity during septic peritonitis

An effective clearance of microbes is crucial in host defense during infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) skews innate immune response during septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CCR8 was expressed in resident peritoneal macrophages and elicited leukocytes during CLP in the wildâ type CCR8+/+ mice. CCR8â /â mice were resistant to CLPâ induced lethality relative to CCR8+/+ mice, and this resistance was associated with an augmented bacterial clearance in CCR8â /â mice. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages from CCR8â /â mice, but not neutrophils, exhibited enhanced bactericidal activities relative to those from CCR8+/+ mice. Upon stimulation with the bacterial component LPS, elevated levels of superoxide generation, lysosomal enzyme release, and nitric oxide generation, effector molecules for bacterial killing were detected in CCR8â /â macrophages relative to CCR8+/+ macrophages. In addition, CCR8â /â macrophages produced significantly higher levels than CCR8+/+ macrophages of several cytokines and chemokines known to augment bactericidal activities of leukocytes that include TNFâ α, ILâ 12, macrophageâ derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)â 2, and KC. Altogether, these results indicate that CCR8 may have a negative impact on host defense during septic peritonitis, providing a new paradigm for the role of CCR8 in innate immunity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154456/1/fsb2fj041728fje.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154456/2/fsb2fj041728fje-sup-0001.pd