The Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for acute kidney injury 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome which has a broad range of etiologic factors depending on different clinical settings. Because AKI has significant impacts on prognosis in any clinical settings, early detection and intervention are necessary to improve the outcomes of AKI patients. This clinical guideline for AKI was developed by a multidisciplinary approach with nephrology, intensive care medicine, blood purification, and pediatrics. Of note, clinical practice for AKI management which was widely performed in Japan was also evaluated with comprehensive literature search

Liquid Phase Separation and Precipitation of -AgI Nano-Crystallites from AgI-Ag 2 O-B 2 O 3 Melt

The dc electrical conductivity, dc , was measured for liquid (AgI) x -(Ag 2 O) y -(B 2 O 3 ) 1ÀðxþyÞ (x ¼ 0:7{0:9; y ¼ 0:05{0:2) by using an ac impedance method in particular concern with the precipitation mechanism in the -AgI precipitated glass, which was prepared by a rapid quenching technique due to a twin-roller apparatus. The temperature dependence of dc exhibits two inflexion points. The existence of two liquid phase separation was confirmed by the electrical conductivity measurements with the use of specially designed cell. In addition, the X-ray diffraction and the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) experiments were performed for the rapidly quenched samples. The -AgI precipitated glass was obtained by adopting the higher holding temperature even for the composition for which the -AgI precipitated glass was prepared in the case of a lower holding one. These results indicate the role of two liquid phase separation on the preparation process of nano -AgI crystallites in the glass matrix

Note: Lossless laser beam combiner employing a high-speed rotating half-wave plate

We have developed a laser beam combiner employing a high-speed rotating half-wave plate based on the specific requirements of the Thomson scattering measurement systems in the ITER. The polarization extinction ratio of the output beam may exceed 1000 and was maintained for more than 1 h via feedback control of the half-wave plate rotation speed. The pointing fluctuations introduced by rotating the half-wave plate were in the order of microradians. The high-speed rotating half-wave plate provides a lossless means of combining laser beams together with stable beam pointing