Masculinization Of Genetic Females Of The Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) By Dietary Administration Of An Aromatase Inhibitor

In the present study, we demonstrated the ability of Fadrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, to induce sex inversion of genetically female common carp fry during the critical sex differentiation period. Thirty-day-old female fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 4.0 g (experiment I) and 3.5 g (experiment II) were fed a diet containing Fadrozole for 36 or 50 days, respectively. Not a single male was found in the control groups of both experiments. In experiment I, Fadrozole at 200 mg/kg feed resulted in 58.6% males, while fish receiving 17α-methyltestosterone at 50 or 100 mg/kg feed resulted in only 5-10% males. In experiment II, the efficiency of Fadrozole was dose- dependent; the lower dose of 100 mg/kg caused masculinization in 86% of the treated fry while the higher doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg feed increased the percentage of males to 97%. These results confirm the importance of aromatization during the labile period in common carp since low aromatase activity during this period, regardless of genotype, resulted in masculinization

Happa: The New Frontier of Marginality and Disruption of Long-Static Racial Constructs

Recent reports have noted a rise in interracial marriages, which some say represents a positive change in attitudes toward race and ethnicity. However, the available data shows interracial marriages more often entail a union where one person is the member of the dominant group (e.g., White European). So, why is the percentage of marriage between non-dominants so rare? This chapter discusses whether this is a result of minority groups adopting majority attitudes toward other ethnic groups—a reflection of interethnic group conflict between ethnic groups—or just a reflection of the population and patterns of integration. Still, in its own way, this pattern may reinforce ethnic stereotypes and attitudes to the benefit of the majority group and the continued marginalization of ethnic groups