A Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Using Various Irrigant Activation Techniques

INTRODUCTION : In a quest to minimize the smear layer, several irrigants and irrigant activation techniques were accomplished. There by it effects the scrupulous sealing of root canal space. Effective smear layer removal has been accomplished using chemical means and methods such as ultrasound, laser and hydrodynamic disinfection for its disruption. But there is no evidence to suggest which material or technique of irrigation is best and reliable. AIM The purpose of this study is to evaluate the removal of smear layer after treating the root canal with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA, then activating the final irrigant with three different irrigant activation techniques, i.e, manual agitation, laser and ultrasonic technique. METHEDOLOGY: A total of 60 maxillary central incisors were divided into 3 groups A,B and C. 20 specimens in group A were activated by manual agitation technique.20 specimens in group B were activated by diode laser and 20 specimens in group C were activated by ultrasonics. Treated samples were analysed at 1000x using Scanning electron microscope. SEM photographs were analysed and were scored by two observers using Guttmans scoring criteria. Stastical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test and Mann whitney test. RESULT: None of the groups showed complete removal of the smear layer. Ultrasonic activation of specimens efficiently removes smear layer at apical (3mm), middle (6mm) and coronal (9mm) thirds when compared to laser activated and manual agitated group. Laser evaporates and melts the dentinal tubules .This will effect the sealer penetration. Manual dynamic agitation shows poor efficiency in removal of smear layer when compared to the laser and ultrasonic group. CONCLUSION: The mode of irrigant activation, has a significant influence on the removal of the smear layer. Ultrasonic activation efficiently removes the smear layer after 2 minutes of activation where as laser activation melts the dentin, which can effect the final hermatic seal. Ultrasonic activation of the final irrigant provides efficient smear layer removal when compared to laser and manual activation

Biological rehabilitation of complex oblique crown-root fracture segment reattachment

Dental trauma can predominantly affect the maxillary anteriors. Trauma can occur to any age group due to accidents, assaults, or leisure activities. The goal of the treatment for traumatically injured teeth is to return the teeth to acceptable function and form. In this case presentation, the endodontic and esthetic treatment approach of crown fracture is presented

Evaluation of push out bond strength of fiber post after treating the intra radicular post space with different post space treatment techniques: A randomized controlled In vitro trial

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the push out bond strength after treating the post space with different irrigation procedures. Study Design: The study sample comprised of 60 recently extracted premolars. These teeth were placed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min and then washed under tap water. De-coronated samples were biomechanically prepared until F3 ProTaper and obturated using AH-Plus and 30# (6%) gutta-percha. The specimens were allowed to set for 24 h and then post space was prepared. The teeth were randomly assigned into three experimental groups based on the treatment technique: Group A – control, Group B – sodium hypochlorite and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and Group C – diode laser and EDTA. The samples were sectioned horizontally and push out bond strength was evaluated. The stereomicroscopic examination was done for evaluating the failure mode. One-way ANOVA variance followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results: Use of diode laser does not enhance the bond strength of fiber post. Conclusion: Diode laser at a very low pulse can be used as an irrigant adjuvant to vaporize the cement residues. Using diode laser does not enhance the bond strength. EDTA as final irrigant increases the bond strength of fiber post