354 research outputs found
Robust vehicle suspension system by converting active and passive control of a vehicle to semi-active control ystem analytically
This research article deals with a simplified translational model of an automotive suspension system which is constructed by considering the translation motion of one wheel of a car. Passive Vehicle Suspension System is converted into Semi Active Vehicle System. Major advantage achieved by this system is that it adjusts the damping of the suspension system without the application of any actuator by using MATLAB® simulations. The semi-active control is found to control the vibration of suspension system very well
Is Ministry of Health fully prepared to implement an effective DOTS program in Pakistan? An operations research on TB control program in the public health sector in Sindh
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Pakistan is among the high-burden countries for tuberculosis. One of the fundamental problems in TB control is a high defaulter rate among the registered TB cases in the public sector. In 1999, a cross-sectional study was designed to identify the determinants of low compliance for the TB treatment in two rural districts in Sindh.Methods: Before the actual data collection, a pilot testing was planned in a secondary level care hospital. Fourteen defaulters for TB treatment were identified but none could be contacted due to incomplete addresses. Other alternatives were explored with the health facility team to reach them including a field-based search through Lady Health Workers of the National Health Program but all endeavors went into vain. The pilot testing propelled us to postpone the cross-sectional study but we continued scrutinizing the follow up problem for TB patients in other health facilities. Not surprisingly, more or less a similar picture was found in those health facilities.PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that the public health care system in Pakistan lacks even the basic requirements for an effective TB control program, that is, a viable information system and the functional integration of program with rest of the health care delivery system. A DOTS strategy to control TB was initiated in the public sector in Pakistan just one year prior to this study. The Ministry of Health requires re-visiting the program to ensure that the lacunae identified in this study are being taken care of in the current DOTS strategy
Simulation Analysis of Medium Access Techniques
This paper presents comparison of Access Techniques used in Medium Access
Control (MAC) protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). Comparison is
performed between Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division
Multiple Access (FDMA), Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
(CSMA/CA), Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA). Performance metrics used for
comparison are throughput (T), delay (D) and offered load (G). The main goal
for comparison is to show which technique gives highest Throughput and lowest
Delay with increase in Load. Energy efficiency is major issue in WBAN that is
why there is need to know which technique performs best for energy conservation
and also gives minimum delay.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE International Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Com- munication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
Transmission Delay of Multi-hop Heterogeneous Networks for Medical Applications
Nowadays, with increase in ageing population, Health care market keeps
growing. There is a need for monitoring of Health issues. Body Area Network
consists of wireless sensors attached on or inside human body for monitoring
vital Health related problems e.g, Electro Cardiogram (ECG),
ElectroEncephalogram (EEG), ElectronyStagmography(ENG) etc. Data is recorded by
sensors and is sent towards Health care center. Due to life threatening
situations, timely sending of data is essential. For data to reach Health care
center, there must be a proper way of sending data through reliable connection
and with minimum delay. In this paper transmission delay of different paths,
through which data is sent from sensor to Health care center over heterogeneous
multi-hop wireless channel is analyzed. Data of medical related diseases is
sent through three different paths. In all three paths, data from sensors first
reaches ZigBee, which is the common link in all three paths. After ZigBee there
are three available networks, through which data is sent. Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX),
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are connected with ZigBee.
Each network (WLAN, WiMAX, UMTS) is setup according to environmental
conditions, suitability of device and availability of structure for that
device. Data from these networks is sent to IP-Cloud, which is further
connected to Health care center. Main aim of this paper is to calculate delay
of each link in each path over multihop wireless channel.Comment: BioSPAN with 7th IEEE International Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
Interval-valued fuzzy ideals generated by an interval-valued fuzzy subset in ordered semigroups
In this paper, we de ne the concept of interval-valued fuzzy left (right, two
sided, interior, bi-) ideal in ordered semigroups. We show that the interval-
valued fuzzy subset
J
is an interval-valued fuzzy left (right, two sided, interior,
bi-) ideal generated by an interval-valued fuzzy subset
A
i
J
and
J
+
are
fuzzy left (right, two sided, interior, bi-) ideals generated by
A
and
A
+
respectivelyPeer Reviewe
Android Maze Game for Children as an Autism Therapy
Smartphone technology is increasingly used to help things in everyday life and becoming more sophisticated in mobile application. Nowadays it use to handling children with special needs, particularly children with autism. A game application could provide the therapist with game module and approach that is suitable for them to conduct the therapy. This study identify an alternative option of edutainment design that may be usable for ASD's children. The study in an autism therapy field can be improved in this research by using motion sensors on mobile devices tools to facilitate them. Therefore, we have develop an android application of a maze game that are suitable to use as a medium for play therapy specially for children with autism. The game is simple, easy to use and integrates interactivity and fun activities where user can learn more than just a common game
Expression of pS2 in prostate cancer correlates with grade and Chromogranin A expression but not with stage
BACKGROUND: The biological potential of prostate cancer is extremely variable. Particular interest is focused on markers not expressed in normal prostatic tissues. pS2 protein expression has been demonstrated in a range of malignant tissues in an oestrogen-independent pathway. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pS2, in prostate cancer, is closely associated with neuro-endocrine differentiation. In the present study, we have analyzed, the potential of Neuro-endocrine and pS2 (TFF1) expression in human prostate cancer determined by immunohistochemistry, in primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate and attempted to correlate this with the clinico-pathologic features of the patient and neuroendocrine expression. METHODS: Ninety-five malignant prostatic specimens from primary adenocarcinoma, obtained from either transurethral resection of prostate or radical retropubic prostatectomy, from 84 patients between January 1991 and December 1998 were evaluated by immuno-histochemical staining using selected neuroendocrine tumor markers i.e. chromogranin A (CgA) and estrogen inducible pS2 protein. The relationship between the expressions of pS2 was studied with CgA expression, clinical stage (TNM) and tumour grade (Gleason system). Fischer exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 70 + /- 9.2 years. The pS2 expression was seen in 10% of primary prostate cancers. Worsening histological grade was associated with greater expression of pS2 (p < 0.001). The expression of CgA was noted in 31% of malignant prostatic tissue. In pS2, positive cases 2/3rd of patients were also CgA +ve. However, there was no significant correlation between pS2 expression and the stage of disease. CONCLUSION: pS2 expression in prostate cancer significantly correlates with histological grade and the neuroendocrine differentiation, as demonstrated by Chromogranin A expression but not with the clinical stage of the disease. However, the overall expression was low consequently; no definitive conclusions can be drawn. We feel further work is required in a larger series, both in primary and metastatic cancer
Environmental Management Based on Islamic Sharia and Customary Law in Aceh
This paper discuss how Islamic and customary laws regulate environmental management in Aceh. A qualitative approach was used by implementing a normative juridical method. First, the data from various literature or references and documents were gathered related to the topic. It was then qualitatively analysed using the concept, constitutional and historical approaches, and Islamic environmental management regulations. According to the study's findings, the Islamic Shari'a and Aceh Customary Law cannot be separated, citing the hadith Maja "Adat ngon hukom lagee zat ngon sifeut." All customary law-based environmental management adheres to Islamic law. In the Prophet's hadith, whoever cut the sidr tree will go to hell. Under the customary law of Aceh, it is prohibited to cut trees tualang, kemuning, ketapang, etc in the forest. Except with Keujreun's permission. According to Aceh Customary Law, anyone who keeps livestock must be careful to keep them restrictions in opening land in a specific location, such as a spring source. All humans have the legal status of muhtaram in Islamic Law, not in an honourable sense. Still, their existence must be protected as living beings as well as lifeless beings, and all must be protected by their existence rights
Holographic Einstein Rings of an AdS Black Hole in Massive Gravity
In the context of holography, the Einstein ring of an AdS black hole (BH) in
massive gravity (MG) is depicted. An oscillating Gaussian source on one side of
the AdS boundary propagates in bulk, and we impose a response function to
explain it. Using a wave optics imaging system, we obtain the optical
appearance of the Einstein ring. Our research reveals that the ring can change
into a luminosity-deformed ring or light spots depending on the variation of
parameters and observational positions. When observers are positioned at the
north pole, the holographic profiles always appear as a ring with concentric
stripe surroundings, and a bright ring appears at the location of the photon
sphere of the BH. These findings are consistent with the radius of the photon
sphere of the BH, which is calculated in geometrical optics. Our study
contributes to a better understanding of the analytical studies of holographic
theory, which can be used to evaluate different types of BHs for a fixed wave
source and optical system.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figure
Naturally occurring genotype 2b/1a hepatitis C virus in the United States
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infected patients are frequently repeatedly exposed to the virus, but very few recombinants between two genotypes have been reported.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We describe the discovery of an HCV recombinant using a method developed in a United States clinical lab for HCV genotyping that employs sequencing of both 5' and 3' portions of the HCV genome. Over twelve months, 133 consecutive isolates were analyzed, and a virus from one patient was found with discordant 5' and 3' sequences suggesting it was a genotype 2b/1a recombinant. We ruled out a mixed infection and mapped a recombination point near the NS2/3 cleavage site.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This unique HCV recombinant virus described shares some features with other recombinant viruses although it is the only reported recombinant of a genotype 2 with a subtype 1a. This recombinant represents a conundrum for current clinical treatment guidelines, including treatment with protease inhibitors. This recombinant is also challenging to detect by the most commonly employed methods of genotyping that are directed primarily at the 5' structural portion of the HCV genome.</p
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