PENGARUH KLORIDA TERHADAP KUALITAS ASPAL EMULSI YANG MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI ASPAL BUTONALAM

Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu bagian dati usaha untuk mengembangkan aspal emulsi yang menggunakan ekstraksi aspal,buwn alam sebagai bahan pengikat. Experimen hasil ekstraksi merupakan phase padat yang kemudian dicairkan dengan kerosin. Phase cairnya adalah\ud emulsifier, asam klorida dan kalsium klorida. jian pengendapan satu hari dan nilai saringan digunakan untuk menentukan kadar optimum klorida. Penelitian menunjukkan kadar asam klorida 0,5%, dan kalsium klorida 0,1%, serta air 36%, secara optimal\ud gaktitkan emulsifier

Enhancement in electron and ion temperatures due to solar flares as measured by SROSS-C2 satellite

The observations on the ionospheric electron and ion temperatures (T<sub>e</sub> and T<sub>i</sub>) measured by the RPA payload aboard the SROSS-C2 satellite have been used to study the effect of solar flares on ionospheric heating. The data on solar flare has been obtained from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Boulder, Colorado (USA). It has been found that the electron and ion temperatures have a consistent enhancement during the solar flares on the dayside Earth's ionosphere. The estimated enhancement for the average electron temperature is from 1.3 to 1.9 times whereas for ion temperature it is from 1.2 to 1.4 times to the normal days average temperature. The enhancement of ionospheric temperatures due to solar flares is correlated with the diurnal variation of normal days' ionospheric temperatures. The solar flare does not have any significant effect on the nightside ionosphere. A comparison with the temperature obtained from the IRI-95 model also shows a similar enhancement

Studi Penelitian Perbaikan Tanah Dengan Metode Vertical Drains Untuk Penanggulangan Kerusakan Jalan dan Bangunan Rumah Di Desa Sukodono, Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang

Tanah lempung adalah tanah yang termasuk tanah cohesif serta salah satu tanah yang mempunyai daya dukung yang rendah, sifat kembang susut yang besar dan deformasi yang terjadi sangat besar dan waktu proses yang lama. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut maka penulis mencoba melakukan penelitian untuk perbaikan dengan usaha stabilitas menggunakan metode vertical drains dengan menambahkan pasir lolos saringan no. 4 dan tertinggal di saringan no. 10. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui 2 tahap, pertama dengan uji konsolidasi dan kedua dengan metode vertical drains. Pada metode vertical drains menggunakan pasir sebagai drain dengan 3 sampel benda uji silinder. Sampel pertama dengan drain besar berdiameter 4,75 cm, sampel kedua dengan drain kecil berdiameter 2,54 cm, dan sampel ketiga tanpa tambahan drain. Dengan masing-masing tinggi silinder 17,8 cm dan diameter 15,2 cm. Hasil dari setiap penurunan vertical drains ini akan dibandingkan dengan hasil penurunan dari konsolidasiKata kunci : Konsolidasi, Tanah Lempung, Vertical Drain

Ultrafast Ion Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Complexes in Gas Phase

This dissertation investigates the ultrafast photophysics and photochemistry of transition metal (TM) complexes in the gas phase using ion-trap mass spectrometry combined with femtosecond and nanosecond laser spectroscopy. TM complexes are widely utilized in photocatalysis, energy conversion, and molecular electronics, where their excited-state dynamics dictate their efficiency and functionality. However, studying these dynamics in solution often introduces complications due to solvent interactions and counterion effects. By isolating the complexes in the gas phase, this work eliminates these external influences, providing direct insights into fundamental photochemical processes such as metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), intersystem crossing (ISC), and ligand dissociation. The experimental approach is based on an electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (ESI-QIT-MS), where molecular ions are trapped before being selectively excited with tunable ultrafast laser pulses. The resulting fragmentation pathways, photo-induced dissociation (PD) spectra, and kinetic relaxation dynamics are recorded, allowing for precise characterization of excited-state behavior. This method provides a unique way to explore the electronic relaxation and reactivity of TM complexes in an environment free of solvent effects. Key research topics covered in this dissertation include: • Ultrafast dynamics of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, including MLCT relaxation and ligand dissociation mechanisms. • Impact of systematic ligand modifications on excited-state lifetimes and photodissociation efficiency. • Bimetallic Au(I)/Ru(II) cyclophanyl complexes, probing cooperative metal-metal interactions in photoredox processes. • Cu(I) complexes, investigating their metal-centered excited states relevant to photocatalysis. • Gas-phase ion spectroscopy of polyoxovanadates, serving as molecular models for heterogeneous vanadium catalysis. • Charge-transfer dynamics in heterobimetallic Ru-Rh complexes, focusing on photoinitiated bond activation. By leveraging gas-phase ultrafast spectroscopy within an ion trap mass spectrometer, this work establishes a novel approach to studying TM photochemistry, providing high-resolution kinetic and spectroscopic data independent of solvation effects. These insights contribute to the fundamental understanding of TM complexes and aid in the rational design of future photocatalysts and optoelectronic materials

Covid-19’s Impacts on Bangladeshi Migrant Workers and Remittances: In Quest of Policy Suggestions

The article endeavours to explore the problems that the current returning and the aspirant migrants have faced during the Covid-19 pandemic and suggest some policies to address the problems The article uses secondary sources of data It finds that the pandemic has affected all employment sectors of migrants host countries particularly affected those sectors where migrants are employed that have exacerbated their pre-pandemic problems The returning and aspirant migrants have acutely faced old problems including some new ones at their communities of origins Consequently migration outflows and remittance inflows are affected that might impede social and economic developments of Banglades

Analisis Margin Pemasaran Sapi Potong Di Kenagarian Muaro Paneh Kecamatan Bukit Sundi Kabupaten Solok

Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai tanggal 1 September - 1 Oktober 2015 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Saluran Pemasaran sapi potong yang diterapkan di Kenagarian Muaro Paneh, ( 2) Besarnya margin pemasaran pada masing- masing saluran pemasaran di Nagari Muaro Paneh. Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data Primer dan Data Sekunder. Responden penelitian ini adalah 20 peternak yang telah pernah melakukan penjualan sapi potong. Analisa Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data deskriptif kualitatif dan data deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 2 macam saluran pemasaran yang diterapkan peternak dalam memasarkan sapi potong di Nagari Muaro Paneh yang terdiri dari: (1 ) Peternak Pedagang Potong/Pengecer Konsumen (2) Peternak Pedagang Pengumpul Pedagang Potong/Pengecer Konsumen. Besarnya margin pemasaran pada saluran I adalah Rp. 2.464.511,67/ekor, margin pada saluran II adalah Rp. 4.844..4000/ekor. Kata Kunci : Pemasaran, Saluran Pemasaran, Margin Pemasaran, Sapi Poton

PENENTUAN GALAT PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL BIASA ORDE 1 DENGAN METODE NUMERIK

Metode numerik dapat menangani sistem persamaan besar, ketidaklinieran, dan geometri yang rumit dalam praktek rekayasa yang seringkali tidak mungkin dipecahkan secara analitik. Perhitungan dengan metode numerik merupakan perhitungan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang untuk terus-menerus memperoleh hasil yang semakin mendekati nilai penyelesaian sebenarnya. Persamaan diferensial biasa merupakan salah satu masalah yang dapat diselesaikan dengan metode numerik. Ada empat metode yang dapat digunakan dalam menentukan galat persamaan diferensial biasa, yaitu metode Deret Taylor, metode Runge-Kutta, metode Heun, dan metode Euler. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang berjenis kepustakaan atau literature yang bertujuan mengumpulkan data-data dan informasi melalui buku dan jurnal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui metode terbaik untuk menentukan galat persamaan diferensial biasa. Berdasarkan soal yang diselesaikan dalam menentukan galat persamaan diferensial menggunakan metode Deret Taylor, metode Runge-Kutta, metode Heun dan metode Euler, metode yang menghasilkan galat paling kecil adalah metode Runge-Kutta

Customer decision making vis-à-vis halal branding

Understanding the preference of Muslim youth for halal (religiously permissible)certified products in their search for branded items was the underlying motive behind this research. Since sportswear brand owners usually target youth market segments, Muslim youth in the Malaysian market were selected as the main respondents for this study. The collective perceptions of quality, brand awareness, brand association and consumer loyalty constitute brand equity and this study focused on brand equity research in the Malaysian marketing environment. Empirical research was conducted to determine the “on the ground” reality of the market, with a view to suggesting marketing policy directions to brand managers in the Malaysian sportswear industry. In the Malaysian context, the findings of the research do not completely support all the dimensions of Aaker’s (1991) brand equity model. This paper recommends that brand managers use halal certification of sportswear products to penetrate the Malay youth sub-segment of the Malaysian sportswear market. Halal certification will not have a negative effect on penetration of the other market sub-segments consisting of youth from other races in Malaysia

The Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Karachi Stock Exchange–Testing Semi-Strong Efficient Market Hypothesis

This paper particularly addresses the impact of mergers and acquisition (M&A) announcements on share prices in Pakistani stock market from 2006 to 2014.  It uses event study method for a sample of 32 M&A announcements from both financial and non-financial sectors. The result shows that M&A declarations do not signal any significant information to Pakistani market. Therefore, the findings show statistically insignificant abnormal returns on announcements of M&A, however a significant positive abnormal return just before proclamation of merger and acquisitions is noted. Similarly, the bidder firms show significant share price reaction and also some gains before the announcement which may be because of leakage of information (Khan, 2011). While after the declaration both target and bidder firms experience losses but overall conclusion detects that the target companies get fewer abnormal earnings as compared to acquirer firms in case of acquisitions. The insignificant unexpected returns on announcement date of M&A do not support semi-strong form of EMH. The findings of this study help investors in devising their investment strategies based on the timing of important announcements by companies such as M&A

PENENTUAN AKAR PERSAMAAN NON LINIER DENGAN METODE NUMERIK

Numerical methods are able to solve large, non-linear and very complex equations that cannot be solved analytically. But the numerical method, can only obtain solutions that approach or approach the true solution so that the solution from the results of numerical calculations is called the approximation solution and can be made as precisely as desired. This research type of library research or literature that aims to collect data and information through books and journals. Non-linear equation is one of the problems that can be solved by numerical methods. In determining the roots of non-linear equations there are four methods that can be used, namely the bisection method, false position method, Newton Raphson method, and the secant method, the fastest converging method is the Newton Raphson method