Análisis musical de Parsifal: La Proporción Áurea en la última ópera de Richard Wagner

[spa] La presente tesis es un análisis musical, a través de la Proporción Áurea, de la ópera Parsifal de Richard Wagner así como un estudio de las partes que configuran la obra. Este trabajo consta de varios apartados: en primer lugar se muestra una declaración de intenciones en cuanto a los objetivos y a la metodología desempeñada; una exposición de los orígenes y consecución del proyecto, una cronología de la composición así como la descripción y análisis de los antecedentes musicales. El cuerpo central de la tesis representa el estudio de los diferentes actos de la ópera así como de sus correspondientes preludios instrumentales, las partes y escenas que los conforman así como los motivos musicales característicos. A su vez se propone el diseño armónico general de la ópera para conocer el proceder compositivo del autor. A este grueso le sigue una introducción sobre la Proporción Áurea en la Historia del Arte, se incide en la Historia de la Música y se concreta en la ópera de estudio ofreciendo una visión prospectiva a futuros trabajos de investigación que sigan la misma línea de estudio de la tesis doctoral.[cat] La present tesi és una anàlisi musical, a través de la Proporció Àuria, de l'òpera Parsifal de Richard Wagner així com un estudi de les parts que configuren l'obra. Aquest treball consta de diversos apartats: en primer lloc es mostra una declaració d'intencions pel que fa als objectius ia la metodologia desenvolupada; una exposició dels orígens i consecució del projecte, una cronologia de la composició així com la descripció i anàlisi dels antecedents musicals. El cos central de la tesi representa l'estudi dels diferents actes de l'òpera així com dels seus corresponents preludis instrumentals, les parts i escenes que els conformen així com els motius musicals característics. Al seu torn es proposa el disseny harmònic general de l'òpera per conèixer la manera de fer compositiu de l'autor. A aquest gruix li segueix una introducció sobre la Proporció Àuria en la Història de l'Art, s'incideix en la Història de la Música i es concreta en l'òpera d'estudi oferint una visió prospectiva a futurs treballs de recerca que segueixin la mateixa línia d'estudi de la tesi doctoral.[eng] The present thesis is a musical analysis, through the Golden Ratio, of the opera Parsifal of Richard Wagner as well as a study of the parts that configure the work. This work consists of several sections: firstly, a statement of intentions is presented regarding the objectives and methodology; an exposition of the origins and achievement of the project, a chronology of the composition as well as the description and analysis of the musical antecedents. The central body of the thesis represents the study of the different acts of the opera as well as their corresponding instrumental preludes, the parts and scenes that make them as well as the characteristic musical motifs. At the same time the general harmonic design of the opera is proposed to know the author's compositional procedure. This is followed by an introduction about the Golden Ratio in the History of Art, focusing on the History of Music and is concreted in the studio opera offering a prospective vision for future research works that follow the same line of study of this doctoral thesis

Tuberculosis contact tracing, Angola

Seguimiento; Tuberculosis; AngolaSeguiment; Tuberculosi; AngolaContact tracing; Tuberculosis; AngolaObjective: To assess the outcomes of a contact-tracing programme to increase the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Cubal, Angola and offer preventive treatment to high-risk groups. Methods: A health centre-based contact-tracing programme was launched in Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz in March 2015 and we followed the programme until 2022. In that time, staffing and testing varied which we categorized as four periods: medical staff reinforcement, 2015-2017, with a doctor seconded from Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Spain; routine staff, 2017-2021, with no external medical support; community directly observed treatment (DOT), 2018-2019 with community worker support; and enhanced contact tracing, 2021-2022, with funding that allowed free chest radiographs, molecular and gastric aspirate testing. We assessed differences in contacts seen each month, and testing and treatment offered across the four periods. Findings: Overall, the programme evaluated 1978 contacts from 969 index cases. Participation in the programme was low, although it increased significantly during the community DOT period. Only 16.6% (329/1978) of contacts had a chest radiograph. Microbiological confirmation increased to 72.2% (26/36) after including molecular testing, and 10.1% (200/1978) of contacts received treatment for tuberculosis. Of 457 contacts younger than 5 years, 36 (7.9%) received preventive tuberculosis treatment. Half of the contacts were lost to follow-up before a final decision was taken on treatment. Conclusion: Contact tracing increased the diagnosis of tuberculosis although engagement with the programme was low and loss to follow-up was high. Participation increased during community DOT. Community-based screening should be explored to improve participation and diagnosis.Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de un programa de rastreo de contactos para aumentar el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en Cubal (Angola) y ofrecer tratamiento preventivo a los grupos de alto riesgo. Métodos En marzo de 2015, se inició un programa de rastreo de contactos basado en centros sanitarios en el Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz y se siguió hasta 2022. En ese tiempo, la dotación de personal y las pruebas variaron, lo que clasificamos en cuatro periodos: refuerzo Research Bull World Health Organ 2024;102:196–203| doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.23.290068 203 Joan Martínez-Campreciós et al. Tuberculosis contact tracing, Angola del personal médico, de 2015 a 2017, con un médico enviado en comisión de servicios desde el Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron (España); personal de rutina, de 2017 a 2021, sin apoyo médico externo; tratamiento directamente observado (TDO) en la población, de 2018 a 2019, con apoyo de trabajadores comunitarios; y rastreo de contactos mejorado, de 2021 a 2022, con financiación que permitió realizar radiografías de tórax y pruebas moleculares y de aspirado gástrico gratuitas. Se evaluaron las diferencias en los contactos atendidos al mes y las pruebas y el tratamiento ofrecidos en los cuatro periodos. Resultados En total, el programa evaluó 1978 contactos de 969 casos de referencia. La participación en el programa fue baja, aunque aumentó de manera significativa durante el periodo de TDO en la población. Solo el 16,6% (329/1978) de los contactos se sometieron a una radiografía de tórax. La confirmación microbiológica aumentó al 72,2% (26/36) tras incluir las pruebas moleculares y el 10,1% (200/1978) de los contactos recibieron tratamiento para la tuberculosis. De 457 contactos menores de 5 años, 36 (7,9%) recibieron tratamiento preventivo contra la tuberculosis. Se perdió el seguimiento de la mitad de los contactos antes de que se tomara una decisión final sobre el tratamiento. Conclusión El rastreo de contactos aumentó el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis, aunque el compromiso con el programa fue bajo y la pérdida del seguimiento fue alta. La participación aumentó durante el TDO en la población. Se debe explorar el cribado en la población para mejorar la participación y el diagnóstico

Epidemiological and clinical trends of imported strongyloidiasis in a referral international health unit, Barcelona, Spain: A 12-year period experience

Screening; Strongyloides stercoralis; StrongyloidiasisCribado; Strongyloides stercoralis; EstrongiloidiasisCribratge; Strongyloides stercoralis; EstrogiloidiasiBackground Imported strongyloidiasis in non-endemic countries has increasingly been diagnosed. The aim of the present study is to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with imported strongyloidiasis attended in a referral International Health Unit and to detect trend changes over a 12-year period. Methods This is an observational retrospective study including all imported strongyloidiasis cases seen at the International Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes (Barcelona, Spain) from January 2009 to December 2020. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics from included patients were collected. Results Overall, 865 cases of imported strongyloidiasis were diagnosed, of whom 472 (54.6 %) were men and mean age was 38.7 (SD 13.4) years. Most cases were diagnosed in migrants (830, 96 %). The distribution of the geographic origin was: Latin America (561, 67.6 %), Sub-Saharan Africa (148, 17.8 %), Asia (113, 13.6 %), North Africa (5, 0.6 %), Eastern Europe (2, 0.2 %), and North America (1, 0.1 %). The main reasons for consultation at the Unit were screening of health status (371, 42.9 %), laboratory test alteration (367, 42.4 %), gastrointestinal symptoms (56, 6.5 %), cutaneous symptoms (26, 3 %), and other clinical symptoms (45, 5.2 %). An increase in the number of cases was observed in the last years of the study period. Conclusions Imported strongyloidiasis has increasingly been diagnosed in our referral unit, mostly due to screening strategies implementation. Most of the patients were young migrants coming from Latin America, with no symptoms at the time of diagnosis. The optimization of screening strategies will increase the detection and treatment of cases, reducing potential complications

Adherence and Toxicity during the Treatment of Latent Tuberculous Infection in a Referral Center in Spain

Latent tuberculosis infection; Toxicity; Tuberculosis screeningInfecció tuberculosa latent; Toxicitat; Cribratge de tuberculosiInfección tuberculosa latente; Toxicidad; Cribado de tuberculosisThe screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in countries with a low incidence of TB is a key strategy for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB). However, treatment can result in adverse events (AEs) and have poor adherence. This study aimed to describe treatment outcomes and AEs for LTBI patients at two departments in Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A retrospective study was conducted on all persons treated for LTBI between January 2018 and December 2020. Variables collected included demographics, the reason for LTBI screening and treatment initiation, AEs related to treatment, and treatment outcome. Out of 261 persons who initiated LTBI treatment, 145 (55.6%) were men, with a median age of 42.1 years. The indications for LTBI screening were household contact of a TB case in 96 (36.8%) persons, immunosuppressive treatment in 84 (32.2%), and recently arrived migrants from a country with high TB incidence in 81 (31.0%). Sixty-three (24.1%) persons presented at least one AE during treatment, and seven (2.7%) required definitive discontinuation of treatment. In the multivariate analysis, AE development was more frequent in those who started LTBI treatment due to immunosuppression. Overall, 226 (86.6%) completed treatment successfully. We concluded that LTBI screening and treatment groups had different risks for adverse events and treatment outcomes. Persons receiving immunosuppressive treatment were at higher risk of developing AEs, and recently arrived immigrants from countries with a high incidence of TB had greater LTFU. A person-centered adherence and AE management plan is recommended.A.M.L. was supported by a postdoctoral grant “Juan Rodés” (JE21/00027) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos through the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Mechanisms of Lung Damage and Development of COPD Due to Household Biomass-Smoke Exposure: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, and Gene Polymorphisms

Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and crop residues for indoor cooking and heating, accounting for approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households globally. Biomass smoke contains many hazardous pollutants, resulting in household air pollution (HAP) exposure that often exceeds international standards. Long-term biomass-smoke exposure is associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in adults, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, chronic bronchitis, and other lung conditions. Biomass smoke-associated COPD differs from the best-known cigarette smoke-induced COPD in several aspects, such as a slower decline in lung function, greater airway involvement, and less emphysema, which suggests a different phenotype and pathophysiology. Despite the high burden of biomass-associated COPD, the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are poorly understood. This review describes the pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved in lung damage, the development of COPD associated with wood-derived smoke exposure, and the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of this disease

Mechanisms of Lung Damage and Development of COPD Due to Household Biomass-Smoke Exposure: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, and Gene Polymorphisms

Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and crop residues for indoor cooking and heating, accounting for approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households globally. Biomass smoke contains many hazardous pollutants, resulting in household air pollution (HAP) exposure that often exceeds international standards. Long-term biomass-smoke exposure is associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in adults, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, chronic bronchitis, and other lung conditions. Biomass smoke-associated COPD differs from the best-known cigarette smoke-induced COPD in several aspects, such as a slower decline in lung function, greater airway involvement, and less emphysema, which suggests a different phenotype and pathophysiology. Despite the high burden of biomass-associated COPD, the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are poorly understood. This review describes the pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved in lung damage, the development of COPD associated with wood-derived smoke exposure, and the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of this disease

GUÍAS ORIENTADORAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA DESDE SU VÍNCULO CON LA VIDA: QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA EN VÍCULO CON LA VIDA

The purpose of the article is to communicate, in a synthetic manner, the results of the process of elaboration and implementation of a system of lab practices guides (8), for research extra-class work (7), and didactic videos watching (15), which were selected and organized as a way to contribute to the study of Organic Chemistry contents, particularly physical-chemistry-physiological substances and processes of interest for life, which are studied in the majors Bachelors of Education in Chemistry and Biology. Different research methods such as the analytic-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic approach, modeling, document analysis, interview and the observation were used in the selection and organization of the videos as well as in the design of study guides for research extra-class work and lab practices. The system of guides and videos alike give answer to a partial result of the non-associated research project: ¨The link of the teaching-learning process of natural sciences with the community¨ which is implemented at the Department of Natural Sciences of Ciego de Ávila University. The aforementioned guides have been used for two consecutive academic years in the teaching-learning process of Chemistry in the referred Bachelors of Education and their impact has been assessed in the performance of teachers and students. The results attained corroborate pertinence, acceptance and frequent use of guides and videos by students along with more interest towards studying, durability and applicability of knowledge, and improvement of the evaluations they achieve.El artículo se propone comunicar de manera sintética el resultado del proceso de elaboración e implementación de un sistema de guías de prácticas de laboratorio (8), para el trabajo investigativo extraclase (7), y de observación de videos didácticos (15) seleccionados y ordenados como contribución al estudio del contenido de la Química Orgánica, en particular de sustancias y procesos físico-químico-fisiológicos de interés para la vida, que se estudian en las Licenciaturas en Educación Química y Biología. En el proceso de selección y ordenamiento de los videos, así como en el diseño e implementación de las guías fueron utilizados diversos métodos investigativos, entre los que se encuentran el analítico-sintético, el inductivo-deductivo, el enfoque de sistema, la modelación, la entrevista, el análisis de documentos y la observación. El sistema de guías, así como los videos didácticos dan respuesta a un resultado parcial del proyecto no asociado a programa “El vínculo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales  con la localidad” que se ejecuta en el Departamento de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad avileña. Las referidas guías han sido introducidas por dos años académicos consecutivos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Química en las Licenciaturas en Educación antes declaradas y se han evaluado sus impactos en la actuación de los docentes y los estudiantes. Los resultados de la evaluación muestran la pertinencia, aceptación y uso frecuente por los estudiantes de las guías y videos, así como mayor interés por el estudio, durabilidad y aplicabilidad del conocimiento y mejoría de las calificaciones

Energía eléctrica generada por magnetismo para el uso en un gimnasio

Tesina (Técnico en Máquinas con sistemas automatizados). Ciudad de México, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos 09 "Juan de Dios Bátiz". 2017. 1 archivo PDF, (78 páginas). tesis.ipn.m

Diseño y construcción de un Transductor Eólico

Diseño y construcción de un Transductor Eólic