Cosmic balloons

Cosmic balloons, consisting of relativistic particles trapped inside a spherical domain wall, may be created in the early universe. We calculate the balloon mass $M$ as a function of the radius $R$ and the energy density profile, $\rho (r)$, including the effects of gravity. At the maximum balloon mass $2GM/R\approx 0.52$ for any value of the mass density of the wall.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures in separate file, UPTP-93-1

Exactly solvable model of wormhole supported by phantom energy

We have found a simple exact solution of spherically-symmetrical Einstein equations describing a wormhole for an inhomogeneous distribution of the phantom energy. The equation of state is linear but highly anisotropic: while the radial pressure is negative, the transversal one is positive. At infinity the spacetime is not asymptotically flat and possesses on each side of the bridge a regular cosmological Killing horizon with an infinite area, impenetrable for any particles. This horizon does not arise if the wormhole region is glued to the Schwarzschild region. In doing so, the wormhole can enclose an arbitrary amount of the phantom energy. The configuration under discussion has a limit in which the phantom energy turns into the string dust, the areal radius tends to the constant. In this limit, the strong gravitational mass defect is realized in that the gravitational active mass is finite and constant while the proper mass integrated over the total manifold is infinite.Comment: 6 pages. Two references added, typos corrected. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D as Rapid Communicatio

Charged Rotating Black Holes on a 3-Brane

We study exact stationary and axisymmetric solutions describing charged rotating black holes localized on a 3-brane in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld. The charges of the black holes are considered to be of two types, the first being an induced tidal charge that appears as an imprint of nonlocal gravitational effects from the bulk space and the second is a usual electric charge arising due to a Maxwell field trapped on the brane. We assume a special ansatz for the metric on the brane taking it to be of the Kerr-Schild form and show that the Kerr-Newman solution of ordinary general relativity in which the electric charge is superceded by a tidal charge satisfies a closed system of the effective gravitational field equations on the brane. It turns out that the negative tidal charge may provide a mechanism for spinning up the black hole so that its rotation parameter exceeds its mass. This is not allowed in the framework of general relativity. We also find a new solution that represents a rotating black hole on the brane carrying both charges. We show that for a rapid enough rotation the combined influence of the rotational dynamics and the local bulk effects of the "squared" energy momentum tensor on the brane distort the horizon structure of the black hole in such a way that it can be thought of as composed of non-uniformly rotating null circles with growing radii from the equatorial plane to the poles. We finally study the geodesic motion of test particles in the equatorial plane of a rotating black hole with tidal charge. We show that the effects of negative tidal charge tend to increase the horizon radius, as well as the radii of the limiting photon orbit, the innermost bound and the innermost stable circular orbits for both direct and retrograde motions of the particles.Comment: RevTeX 4, 33 pages, 4 figures, new references adde

On Scaling Solutions with a Dissipative Fluid

We study the asymptotic behaviour of scaling solutions with a dissipative fluid and we show that, contrary to recent claims, the existence of stable accelerating attractor solution which solves the `energy' coincidence problem depends crucially on the chosen equations of state for the thermodynamical variables. We discuss two types of equations of state, one which contradicts this claim, and one which supports it.Comment: 8 pages and 5 figures; to appear in Class. Quantum Gra

Inverse Square Law of Gravitation in (2+1)-Dimensional Space-Time as a Consequence of Casimir Energy

The gravitational effect of vacuum polarization in space exterior to a particle in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein theory is investigated. In the weak field limit this gravitational field corresponds to an inverse square law of gravitational attraction, even though the gravitational mass of the quantum vacuum is negative. The paradox is resolved by considering a particle of finite extension and taking into account the vacuum polarization in its interior.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, Report: UPR-0540-T, To appear in Physica Script

Dynamics of a self-gravitating thin cosmic string

We assume that a self-gravitating thin string can be locally described by what we shall call a smoothed cone. If we impose a specific constraint on the model of the string, then its central line obeys the Nambu-Goto equations. If no constraint is added, then the worldsheet of the central line is a totally geodesic surface.Comment: 20 pages, latex, 1 figure, final versio

D-branes in Lorentzian AdS(3)

We study the exact construction of D-branes in Lorentzian AdS(3). We start by defining a family of conformal field theories that gives a natural Euclidean version of the SL(2,R) CFT and does not correspond to H(3)+, the analytic continuation of AdS(3). We argue that one can recuperate the exact CFT results of Lorentzian AdS(3), upon an analytic continuation in the moduli space of these conformal field theories. Then we construct exact boundary states for various symmetric and symmetry-breaking D-branes in AdS(3).Comment: JHEP style;21 pages, no figures; v2:some corrections, comments and references adde

High Excitation Molecular Gas in the Magellanic Clouds

We present the first survey of submillimeter CO 4-3 emission in the Magellanic Clouds. The survey is comprised of 15 6'x6' maps obtained using the AST/RO telescope toward the molecular peaks of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. We have used these data to constrain the physical conditions in these objects, in particular their molecular gas density and temperature. We find that there are significant amounts of molecular gas associated with most of these molecular peaks, and that high molecular gas temperatures are pervasive throughout our sample. We discuss whether this may be due to the low metallicities and the associated dearth of gas coolants in the Clouds, and conclude that the present sample is insufficient to assert this effect.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables. To appear in Ap

Quantum process reconstruction based on mutually unbiased basis

We study a quantum process reconstruction based on the use of mutually unbiased projectors (MUB-projectors) as input states for a D-dimensional quantum system, with D being a power of a prime number. This approach connects the results of quantum-state tomography using mutually unbiased bases (MUB) with the coefficients of a quantum process, expanded in terms of MUB-projectors. We also study the performance of the reconstruction scheme against random errors when measuring probabilities at the MUB-projectors.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur