Morphometric Alteration of Femoral Condyles Due to Knee Osteoarthritis

Aim of this study was to estimate how knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects the shape of femoral condyles by comparing the radiuses of condylar curves between healthy and OA knees. Seventeen female and five male patients with established diagnosis of knee OA were included in the study. Radiuses of medial and lateral condylar curves were calculated from the side view knee X-ray by original mathematical equation and compared to referent values of healthy knees, after adjusting to body height. The average radiuses of condylar curves were between 52.6 ± 6.2 and 17.6 ± 3.5 mm medially, and between 43.3 ± 8.4 and 15.4 ± 3.7 mm laterally, for 0° and 90° femoral flexion contact points, respectively. The OA knees had longer curve radiuses medially and laterally at 0°, 10°, and 20° femoral flexion contact points in comparison to the healthy sample (P<0.001; t-test). Our results suggest that the shape of the femoral condyles in OA knees is changed. It should be aware not only in researching of OA etiology, but also in designing of knee endoprostheses, in a manner to achieve better individual sizing

Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils from Different Plants Against Three Stored-Product Insects

This study was conducted to determine the insecticidal activity of essential oils from oregano, Origanum onites L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), savory, Satureja thymbra L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and myrtle, Myrtus communis L. (Rosales: Myrtaceae) against three stored-product insects. Essential oils from three species of plants were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation. The major compounds in these essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their insecticidal activity was tested against adults of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). While the major compound found in oregano and savory was carvacrol, the main constituent of the myrtle was linalool. Among the tested insects, A. obtectus was the most tolerant species against the essential oils. However, the insecticidal activity of the myrtle oil was more pronounced than other oils tested against A. obtectus adults. The essential oils of oregano and savory were highly effective against P. interpunctella and E. kuehniella, with 100% mortality obtained after 24 h at 9 and 25 µl/l air for P. interpunctella and E. kuehniella, respectively. LC50 and LC99 values of each essential oil were estimated for each insect species

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Presence, changes and technological properties of yeast species during processing of pastirma, a Turkish dry-cured meat product

In this study, alterations in yeast dynamics during pastirma processing, and technological (growth at different pH, temperature and NaCl conditions, lytic and enzymes activity) properties of yeast strains were investigated. The pH values of pastirma samples increased throughout pastirma processing, while moisture and water activity (a(w)) decreased. Initial yeast population decreased from 4.42 log cfu/g to 3.61 log cfu/g during the curing process. Considering the genotypic identification, a total of 100 isolates were obtained from pastirma samples. The dominant yeast species was Candida zeylanoides (58%) which was followed by Candida deformans (12%) and Candida galli (11%), respectively. These yeast species were found at all sampling points. Trichosporon japonicum (2%), Cryptococcus curvatus (1%) and Debcnyomyces hansenii (1%) were the least frequent species isolated from the pastirma samples. C. zeylanoides and T japonicum did not show any proteolytic activity, and their lipolytic activity was weak. Twenty-one of the yeast isolates had nitrate reductase activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PROPOLIS, THYME ESSENTIAL OIL AND HYDROSOL ON NATURAL MYCOBIOTA OF SUCUK, A TURKISH FERMENTED SAUSAGE: MONITORING OF THEIR EFFECTS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL, COLOR AND AROMA PROPERTIES

The current study aimed at evaluating the antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (EO) and its hydrosol and propolis extract (PE) against natural mycobiota on the surface of sucuk. Yeast-mold (YM) counts of sucuk samples treated with hydrosol and control were above 7.0 log cfu/g. However, they were 2.59, 5.02 and 5.41 log cfu/g in samples treated with potassium sorbate (PS), EO and PE, respectively. PS, EO and PE provided reductions of 4.88, 2.45 and 2.05 log cfu/g in YM counts compared with control treatment, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria and aerobic mesophilic bacteria results of the sucuks treated with the extracts were similar in the end of ripening period. Surface treatments did not adversely affect the color of sucuks. A total of 77 volatile compounds were isolated and identified in the sucuks. The major group of volatile compounds found in the sucuk samples was terpenes

Σύνθεση , χαρακτηρισμός και μελέτη νέων σύμπλοκων ενώσεων του αντιμονίου (III) με θειοαμίδια με πιθανή βιολογική δράση

Thirty-one new antimony(III) complexes with the heterocyclic thiones 2-mercapto-1- methylimidazole (C4H6N2S) 2-mercaptothiazolidine (C3H5NS2), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (C7H6N2S), 2-mercapto-5-methylbenzimidazole (C8H8N2S), 5-ethoxy-2- mercaptobenzimidazole (C9H10N2OS), 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinthion (C8H7NS2), 2- mercaptopyridine (C5H5NS), 2-mercaptopyrimidine (C4H4N2S), 2-mercapto-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-pyrimidine (C4H8N2S) of formulae {[SbCl3(TU)2].H2O}, {[SbCl3(MMI)2].H2O}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbCl3(MBZIM)2], [SbCl3(MMBZIM)2.CH2Cl2], [SbCl3(EtMBZIM)2], [SbCl3(MTZD)2], [SbCl3(MMBZT)2], [SbCl3(tHPMD)2], [SbCl3(PYT)2], [SbCl3(PMT)2], [SbBr3(TU)2], [SbBr3(MMI)2], {[SbBr2(MBZIM)4]+.Br-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbBr3(MMBZIM)2], [SbBr3(EtMBZIM)2.MeOH], [SbBr3(MTZD)2], [SbBr3(MMBZT)2], [SbBr3(tHPMD)2], [SbBr3(PYT)2], [SbBr3(PMT)2], {[SbI3(MMI)2].MeOH}, [SbI3(MBZIM)2], {[SbI3(MMBZIM)3].MeOH}, [SbI3(EtMBZIM)2.H2O], {[SbI3(MTZD)]}, {[Sb2I6(MMBZT)3]}, {[SbI3(tHPMD)3].MeOH}, {[SbI3(PYT)]}, {[SbI3(PMT)2]} have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, FT-Raman spectroscopy, TG-DTA analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, UV spectroscopy, ESI-MS spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, conductivity measurements. The crystal structures of {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl- .2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbCl3(MBZIM)2], [SbCl3(EtMBZIM)2], [SbCl3(MTZD)2], [SbCl3(tHPMD)2], {[SbBr2(MBZIM)4]+.Br-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbBr3(MMBZIM)2], [SbBr3(EtMBZIM)2.MeOH], [SbBr3(MTZD)2], [SbBr3(MMBZT)2], [SbBr3(tHPMD)2], [SbBr3(PYT)2], {[SbBr5]2-[(PMTH2 +)2]}, [SbI3(EtMBZIM)2.H2O], {[SbI3(MTZD)]}, {[Sb2I6(MMBZT)3]}, {[SbI3(tHPMD)3].MeOH}, {[SbI3(PYT)]} were also determined by Xray diffraction analysis.Στην διατριβή αυτή περιγράφονται τριάντα μια νέες σύμπλοκες ενώσεις του Αντιμονίου (ΙΙΙ) με τις ετεροκυκλικές θειόνες 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (C4H6N2S) 2- mercaptothiazolidine (C3H5NS2), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (C7H6N2S), 2-mercapto-5- methylbenzimidazole (C8H8N2S), 5-ethoxy-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (C9H10N2OS), 3- methyl-2-benzothiazolinthion (C8H7NS2), 2-mercaptopyridine (C5H5NS), 2- mercaptopyrimidine (C4H4N2S), 2-mercapto-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine (C4H8N2S) και μοριακό τύπο {[SbCl3(TU)2].H2O}, {[SbCl3(MMI)2].H2O}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl- .2H2O.(CH3OH)}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbCl3(MBZIM)2], [SbCl3(MMBZIM)2.CH2Cl2], [SbCl3(EtMBZIM)2], [SbCl3(MTZD)2], [SbCl3(MMBZT)2], [SbCl3(tHPMD)2], [SbCl3(PYT)2], [SbCl3(PMT)2], [SbBr3(TU)2], [SbBr3(MMI)2], {[SbBr2(MBZIM)4]+.Br-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbBr3(MMBZIM)2], [SbBr3(EtMBZIM)2.MeOH], [SbBr3(MTZD)2], [SbBr3(MMBZT)2], [SbBr3(tHPMD)2], [SbBr3(PYT)2], [SbBr3(PMT)2], {[SbI3(MMI)2].MeOH}, [SbI3(MBZIM)2], {[SbI3(MMBZIM)3].MeOH}, [SbI3(EtMBZIM)2.H2O], {[SbI3(MTZD)]}, {[Sb2I6(MMBZT)3]}, {[SbI3(tHPMD)3].MeOH}, {[SbI3(PYT)]}, {[SbI3(PMT)2]}. Οι ενώσεις έχουν χαρακτηριστεί με στοιχειακή ανάλυση, φασματοσκοπία FT-IR, FT-Raman, ανάλυση TG-DTA, ακτίνες-Χ κώνεος, φασματοσκοπία UV-Vis, ESI-MS, 1H και 13C NMR και με αγωγημομετρικές τιτλοδοτήσεις. Επίσης υπολογίστηκαν οι μοριακές και κρυσταλλικές δομές των ενώσεων {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl- .2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbCl3(MBZIM)2], [SbCl3(EtMBZIM)2], [SbCl3(MTZD)2], [SbCl3(tHPMD)2], {[SbBr2(MBZIM)4]+.Br-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, [SbBr3(MMBZIM)2], [SbBr3(EtMBZIM)2.MeOH], [SbBr3(MTZD)2], [SbBr3(MMBZT)2], [SbBr3(tHPMD)2], Ph.D Thesis Ibrahim Ismet Ozturk VII [SbBr3(PYT)2], {[SbBr5]2-[(PMTH2 +)2]}, [SbI3(EtMBZIM)2.H2O], {[SbI3(MTZD)]}, {[Sb2I6(MMBZT)3]}, {[SbI3(tHPMD)3].MeOH}, {[SbI3(PYT)]} με ανάλυση περίθλασης ακτίνων-Χ. Στα σύμπλοκα {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, {[SbCl2(MBZIM)4]+.Cl- .2H2O.(CH3OH)} και {[SbBr2(MBZIM)4]+.Br-.2H2O.(CH3OH)}, τέσσερα άτομα θείου από τις θειόνες και δύο άτομα αλογόνου σχηματίζουν ένα κατιονικό σωματίδιο [SbS4X2]+ με οκταεδρική γεωμετρία (Oh) στο οποίο δύο άτομα αλογόνου βρίσκονται στις αξονικές θέσεις.. Ένα ανιόν αλογόνου αντισταθμίζει το φορτίο του κατιόντος. Στο σύμπλοκο {[SbI3(tHPMT)3].MeOH}, τρία άτομα θείου από τις θειόνες και τρία άτομα ιωδίου σχηματίζουν ένα ουδέτερο σύμπλοκο με οκταεδρική γεωμετρία Oh με δύο άτομα ιωδίου σε αξονικές θέσεις ενώ τρία άτομα θείου και ένα ιωδίου καταλαμβάνουν τις ισημερινές και meridional διαμόρφωση. Το σύμπλοκο [SbBr3(MMBZT)2] είναι μονομερές

KINETIC MODELING OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 GROWTH IN RAINBOW TROUT FILLETS AS AFFECTED BY OREGANO AND THYME ESSENTIAL OILS AND DIFFERENT PACKING TREATMENTS

The effect of different essential oils (oregano and thyme) and packing (aerobic packing, modified atmosphere packing, and vacuum packing) treatments on the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was studied using nonlinear regression of modified-Gompertz and logistic equations to generate the best fit. Parameters of nonlinear modified-Gompertz and logistic models of E. coli O157:H7 in trout samples treated with the different essential oils and packing treatments were matched satisfactorily. Both the modified-Gompertz and logistic models showed a good fit to all the growth curves as evaluated by using mean percentage error, mean bias error, root mean square error, modeling efficiency, and (2) as well as the correlation coefficients (R) between the experimental and predicted values. Generally, higher values of R-2 and modeling efficiency values were obtained with the modified Gompertz model. However, both models resulted in similar absolute values of mean bias error, root mean square error, mean percentage error, and (2). The growth of E. coli O157:H7 was remarkably delayed by the essential oils and packing treatments. These treatments can be used in the protection of fish and fishery products from microbial risks and the fish can also be aromatized with the essential oils. Based on the obtained results in this study, it can be concluded that the modified Gompertz and logistic models can be used effectively to predict the effect of plant essential oils on growth potential of E. coli O157:H7 in fish products to be stored under aerobic, modified atmosphere packing, and vacuum packing conditions