Dilarang membuang sampah

"Fikir dahulu sebelum buang" antara slogan yang dipopularkan oleh Kementerian Pembangunan dan Perumahan Malaysia bagi membendung gejala pembuangan sampah yang tidak terkawal

Pengaplikasian prinsip perancangan dalam novel songket berbenang emas karya Khairuddin Bin Ayip

Kajian ini meneliti sebuah pendekatan dalam dunia kritikan sastera di Malaysia, iaitu Pendekatan Pengurusan. Novel “Songket Berbenang Emas” karya Khairuddin bin Ayip telah dipilih sebagai korpus kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan Prinsip Perancangan, iaitu merupakan satu daripada lima prinsip yang terkandung di bawah Pendekatan Pengurusan yang telah diperkenalkan oleh Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hassan pada tahun 2013. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis peristiwa-peristiwa terpilih yang terdapat di dalam novel “Songket Berbenang Emas” yang memperlihatkan kehadiran Prinsip Perancangan. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa tidak semua proses dalam prinsip perancangan diaplikasikan oleh watak-watak dalam perisitiwa yang terpilih. Di samping itu, pengkaji juga mendapati bahawa walaupun peristiwa-peristiwa yang terpilih memperlihatkan prinsip perancangan yang rapi, terdapat juga beberapa perancangan yang tidak mencapai matlamatnya. Kajian yang dijalankan ini mampu memberikan dampak yang positif kepada dunia kesusasteraan Melayu melalui kajian tentang Pendekatan Pengurusan. Hal ini juga mampu membuktikan bahawa pengaplikasian pendekatan ini dalam karya- karya kesusasteraan sama ada klasik atau moden adalah sesuatu yang relevan dan wajar untuk diketengahkan

Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda dari perspektif pendekatan pengurusan

Makalah ini akan menekuni unsur pengurusan yang terdapat dalam cerita lipur lara, iaitu Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah Pendekatan Pengurusan dengan memberi fokus terhadap Prinsip Kepimpinan, iaitu salah satu prinsip dalam Pendekatan Pengurusan yang diutarakan oleh Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hassan. Kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah analisis teks merupakan dua kaedah yang diaplikasi dalam kajian ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Prinsip Kepimpinan yang digunakan dalam Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan Prinsip Kepimpinan dalam Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda amat dominan dan signifikan dalam menggambarkan pengurusan kepimpinan bertitik tolak daripada analisis terhadap struktur karya. Pengurusan kepimpinan ini menyerlah daripada dasar dan mekanisme pentadbir yang berwawasan dan berpandangan jauh, berjiwa rakyat, kebijaksanaan berkomunikasi dan bersemangat waja. Secara kesimpulannya, Prinsip Kepimpinan yang dipaparkan dalam Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda ini dapat mengangkat aspek pengurusan dalam teks karya sastera tradisional sejak zaman tradisi lisan

APLIKASI PRINSIP PERANCANGAN DALAM KARYA TERPILIH JERMAN, DOWNFALL: SATU BACAAN PENDEKATAN PENGURUSAN

Filem merupakan sebuah industri kreatif bersifat perbincangan serta melibatkan idea dan pemikiran kreatif dan kritis. Filem turut mengangkat seni dan warsan budaya sesuatu bangsa dan masyarakat selain mengangkat aspek-aspek pengurusan yang boleh diteladani. Justeru, kajian ini menekuni satu pendekatan baharu yang bersifat rentas disiplin ilmu dalam dunia kritikan sastera tanah air, iaitu Pendekatan Pengurusan oleh Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hasan (2013). Terdapat lima prinsip utama iaitu prinsip perancangan, kepimpinan, pengorganisasian, penstafan dan kawalan. Kajian ini menumpukan prinsip yang pertama iaitu, prinsip perancangan untuk menganalisis sebuah karya terpilih dari negara Jerman, iaitu Downfall. Filem bergenre aksi, dan patriotik ini merupakan hasil arahan Oliver Hirschbiegel dan ditulis oleh Bernd Eichinger. Filem ini dianalisis berdasarkan struktur yang dilihat berupaya untuk menstrukturkan proses pengeluaran makna kepada masyarakat terutamanaya dari aspek pengurusan. Prinsip Perancangan ini dianalisis berdasarkan Model Prinsip Perancangan, iaitu menetapkan objektif, membentuk strategi, kajian semula strategi, memilih strategi dan, pencapaian objektif. Objektif kajian untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis prinsip perancangan berdasarkan peringkat-peringkat perancangan yang terdapat dalam filem terpilh Jerman, iaitu Downfall. Kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah analisis teks diaplikasi dalam kajian ini. Hasil dapatan kajian jelas membuktikan bahawa filem ini memperlihatkan kecenderungan yang tinggi terhadap pengaplikasian prinsip perancangan yang menyerlah dan dominan terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa terpilih. Prinsip perancangan yang diketengahkan merupakan sesuatu yang relevan dalam memberikan impak yang positif terhadap pembentukan dan pengurusan jati diri. Kajian ini diharap mampu membuka satu lembaran baharu dalam dimensi pendidikan dan pembentukan jiwa generasi muda hari i

TERAPAN PENDEKATAN DAKWAH DALAM LIRIK-LIRIK LAGU DENDANGAN. MAHER ZAIN

Lirik lagu berunsurkan keislaman merupakan unsur kesenian yang mampu memberikan impak yang positif terhadap pembentukan dan perkembangan psikologi dan minda seseorang individu. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti unsur-unsur dakwah dan menganalisis pendekatan dakwah dalam lirik lagu InsyaAllah dan Open Your Eyes dendangan Maher Zain. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji telah menjalankan kajian berpandukan Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu, iaitu menerusi pendekatan dakwah yang diasaskan oleh Hashim Awang pada tahun 1989. Seterusnya, kaedah kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis teks. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa wujudnya unsur-unsur dakwah yang ingin disampaikan dalam kedua-dua buah lagu tersebut. Kesaratan mesej dakwah seperti percaya akan pertolongan Allah, tidak berputus asa dalam berdoa, mensyukuri segala nikmat dan Allah Maha Pencipta dalam bait- bait lirik lagu nyanyian Maher Zain itu kemudiannya berpotensi memberi implikasi yang positif kepada pengembangan ajaran agama Allah. Jelaslah, karya sastera termasuklah lirik lagu merupakan salah satu wahana penyampaian dakwah yang berkesan dalam kalangan umat manusi

Mari belajar Bahasa Melayu siri 1

This book is produced to provide an overview of the acquisition of knowledge and skills of learning the Malay language to anyone interested. This book can serve as a guide to learn the basic things in the Malay language oral proficiency (listening and speaking) and to learn the basics of writing (reading and writing) using the Malay language. This book contains 54 units, each of which focuses on the main things in daily life. Beginning chapters deal with basics in everyday conversation such as recognizing letters and sounds, day, month, number, time, personal pronouns, direction words, measurements, shapes, for the reader to master the basics of word formation, and words that are often used in learn the Malay language according to the situation. The next unit includes family relationships, calls for family members, friends, and acquaintances with neighbors. Daily activities are also included such as activities in the classroom, in the public library, telephone conversations, on social media, business at the post office, at public transport stations, at home, in the kitchen, dealing at the Currency Exchange Counter, dealing at the bank, shopping at the supermarket, in the market, in the hospital or in the clinic. On weekends, readers can do exercise in the gym, in the recreation park, return to the village, go to the orchard, watch a movie, celebrate a birthday. In the next unit, during the public holiday or school holidays, readers are encouraged to celebrate festivals in Malaysia and travel together with friends or family to places of interest in Malaysia

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication