New Method of Measuring TCP Performance of IP Network using Bio-computing

The measurement of performance of Internet Protocol IP network can be done by Transmission Control Protocol TCP because it guarantees send data from one end of the connection actually gets to the other end and in the same order it was send, otherwise an error is reported. There are several methods to measure the performance of TCP among these methods genetic algorithms, neural network, data mining etc, all these methods have weakness and can't reach to correct measure of TCP performance. This paper proposed a new method of measuring TCP performance for real time IP network using Biocomputing, especially molecular calculation because it provides wisdom results and it can exploit all facilities of phylogentic analysis. Applying the new method at real time on Biological Kurdish Messenger BIOKM model designed to measure the TCP performance in two types of protocols File Transfer Protocol FTP and Internet Relay Chat Daemon IRCD. This application gives very close result of TCP performance comparing with TCP performance which obtains from Little's law using same model (BIOKM), i.e. the different percentage of utilization (Busy or traffic industry) and the idle time which are obtained from a new method base on Bio-computing comparing with Little's law was (nearly) 0.13%. KEYWORDS Bio-computing, TCP performance, Phylogenetic tree, Hybridized Model (Normalized), FTP, IRCDComment: 17 Pages,10 Figures,5 Table

Symmetries of the Energy-Momentum Tensor: Some Basic Facts

It has been pointed by Hall et al. [1] that matter collinations can be defined by using three different methods. But there arises the question of whether one studies matter collineations by using the ${\cal L}_\xi T_{ab}=0$, or ${\cal L}_\xi T^{ab}=0$ or ${\cal L}_\xi T_a^b=0$. These alternative conditions are, of course, not generally equivalent. This problem has been explored by applying these three definitions to general static spherically symmetric spacetimes. We compare the results with each definition.Comment: 17 pages, accepted for publication in "Communications in Theoretical Physics

Information Prioritization: A Comparison Between Utility Maximizers and Probability Matchers

This thesis examines the differences between probability matchers and utility maximizers in their preferences for information sources in a lab environment. In this paper, we consider the best source of information to be the most connected one. We conducted several linear probability model type regressions along with logit regressions. Furthermore, we also attempted to control and fix any potential misclassifications in classifying the cognitive strategy by using instrumental variables. The results show that utility maximizers will almost always choose the most informed node. Probability matchers, on the other hand, do not exhibit such a behavior as the probability matching strategy shows that there is no difference between probability matchers and non-utility maximizers. Furthermore, we find that even if we control for the type of network in which the experiment is held, there is still no difference between the behavior of probability matchers and non-utility maximizers whereas the behavior of utility maximizers shows that they will always choose the most connected node

Theorizing CSR Reporting: A Discursive Institutionalism Framework

Although CSR reporting is a well-established business practice now, it is still an emerging genre that lacks convergence and standardization. Different theoretical perspectives are used to study CSR reporting. These perspectives agree on the instrumental nature of CSR reporting, while they vary in the aspects of the practice they emphasize and in their normative assumptions. Using ‘Discursive Institutionalism’ as a theoretical lens, different practices in the field can be incorporated in the proposed framework to reach a comprehensive understanding of CSR reporting phenomenon. The paper aims to propose a theoretical framework for CSR reporting research that enables a holistic and comprehensive explanation that is inclusive of different practices and normative assumptions in the field. The proposed framework utilizes new developments in Institutional Theory that emphasize multiple institutional logics, the hybridity of social practices, the role of social agents, and the discursive aspect of institutions. The proposed theoretical framework adds a new comprehensive perspective to CSR reporting research. It provides a solid theoretical base for further investigation of different practices in the field

Treatment of a severe Class II malocclusion with pre-existing root resorption - A judicious use of orthodontic appliances

The orthodontic treatment of patients with pre-existing root resorption (RR) is often difficult due to the increased risk of progression and often a compromised treatment outcome can be expected. The treatment plan in such situations should comprise of a root sparing strategy, which includes reducing the treatment duration with fixed appliances, non-extraction treatment, reducing force levels, avoiding intrusion of at-risk teeth, reducing the amount of apical movement of the affected teeth and intermittent force application where possible. The following case report shows the use of a root sparing strategy in the treatment of a severe Class II malocclusion with pre-existing root resorption of the 11 and 21