Identification and density of ichthyoplankton in Laft Creeks (Hormuzgan province)

During a series of Ichthyoplankton survey from May 1998 to April 1999 Ichthyoplankton samples were collected at 12 stations in Laft creeks by 500 micron bongonet with oblique towing from bottom to water surface. Twenty-two families Ichthyoplanktons were identified (and two unidentified) during 12 months. Clupeiidae (31, 32%), gobiidae (26, 71%), scianidae (16, 55%), leiognathidae (11, 9%) were common and dominant families in all sampling stations. The creeks was divided in two branches: In east branch gobiidae (44.75%), clupeiidae (17.42%), scianida (13.5%) were more abundant than other families and in west branch clupeiidae (34.22%), gobiidae (23.77%), scianidae (16.34%) showed leiognathidae (13.26%) more abundance than other families, too. Some families e.g hemiramphidae, engrauilidae, blenidae, bothidae only occur in west branch, pleuronectidae family only occur in west branch. The highest density was found in winter season

Tumour-necrosis factor-A polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Inflammation is one of the early phases in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, several studies have examined the association of polymorphisms in tumour-necrosis factor-A gene (TNF-A) with gastric cancer risk. This meta-analysis reviews and summarises published evidence for these associations. Searching several databases yielded 24 independent studies that reported on the associations between TNF-A polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk. We analysed available data for the most commonly investigated polymorphisms: TNF-A –308G>A (23 studies), TNF-A –238G>A (9 studies), and TNF-A –857C>T (5 studies). Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in the random-effects model using the DerSimonian–Laird method. Q-statistic and I2-statistic were calculated to examine heterogeneity, and funnel plots were plotted to examine small study effects. The overall ORs (95% CIs) for AG and AA genotypes vs GG genotype for TNF-A –308 were 1.09 (0.94–1.27) and 1.49 (1.11–1.99), respectively. For TNF-A –238, the corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 1.05 (0.84–1.33) and 1.25 (0.30–5.26), respectively. The overall ORs (95% CIs) for CT and TT genotypes (vs CC) for TNF-A –857 were 1.06 (0.89–1.27) and 1.57 (0.91–2.70), respectively. The statistically significant association between TNF-A –308GG and gastric cancer was limited to western populations. This association showed little heterogeneity (I2=0) and remained consistently strong when analyses were limited to anatomic and histologic subtypes of gastric cancer, or limited to studies in which genotype frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, or limited to larger studies. These same subgroup analyses did not change results associated with other polymorphisms. In conclusion, TNF-A –308AA genotype was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of gastric cancer, whereas other studied polymorphisms were not. The association between TNF-A –857TT genotype and gastric cancer was near significant, and may become significant if more studies are published

Intensitas Perilaku Merokok Remaja Putri Ditinjau dari Konformitas

This study aims to determine with more certainty on the smoking behavior of young women in terms of conformity, so as to provide an overview and map the sequence of events underlying the young women who smoke.Subjects in this study of young women aged 12-17 years who had a smoking behavior. This study used a single subject as a teenager and using a phenomenological approach, and using the techniques of data collection using interviews and observations.The research results of this study at the beginning of the subject smoking because seeing parents who smoke, when the subject of interest because the subject feels when parents smoke looks very calm and relaxed. So there is no effect of conformity, because the subject knows his friends when the subject had smoked

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Turbinaria Decurrens Bory De Saint-Vincent Dari Pantai Krakal, Gunung Kidul, YOGYAKARTA

Turbinaria decurrens merupakan salah satu rumput laut cokelat yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi antioksidan T. decurrens dari ekstrak n-heksan (non-polar) dan metanol (polar), menentukan kadar total fenol dan biopigmen (klorofil a, klorofil b, dan karotenoid).Materi yang digunakan adalah T. decurrens yang diambil dari Pantai Krakal, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif. T. decurrensdimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol, diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator dan dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksan menggunakan corong pemisah. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan nilai IC50.Penentuan nilai IC50 ekstrak kasar metanol dan n-heksan T. decurrens dilakukan dengan metode penangkapan radikal DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) pada λ=517 nm. Kadar total fenol diuji dengan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan asam galat sebagai standar pada λ=725 nm, kadar klorofil diukur pada λ=663 nm dan λ=646 nm dan karotenoid pada λ=470 nm.Data dianalisis menggunakan analisa ragam Independent Samples Test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 670,603 ppm lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak n-heksan (1201,853 ppm). Kadar total fenolik (61,127 mgGAE/g ekstrak), klorofil a (1,518 mg/g), dan klorofil b (1,558 mg/g) ekstrak n-heksan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak metanol. Kadar total karotenoid ekstrak T. decurrens hanya ditemukan dalam ekstrak metanol (0,459µmol/g). Hasil ini menunjukkan total karotenoid pada ekstrak metanolT. decurrens berkaitan erat dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong ke dalam antioksidan lema

Pengaruh Pemberian Jenis Pupuk Dan Waktu Pengendalian Gulma Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata)

Produksi jagung manis nasional mengalami penurunan. Faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan tersebut ialah adanya kompetisi dengan gulma. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi yaitu dengan cara pemupukan dan penyiangan gulma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk dan waktu penyiangan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Lokasi penelitian di Ngijo Malang pada bulan Agustus-November 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan pupuk anorganik, pupuk organik kotoran sapi, pupuk hijau orok-orok yang dikombinasikan dengan waktu penyiangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pupuk dan frekuensi penyiangan berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan hasil, dengan produksi tertinggi sebanyak 13,90 ton.ha-1 didapatkan pada kombinasi pemupukan Phonska 300 kg.ha-1 dengan penyiangan 3 kali