Impact of Minimum Wage on Employment and Exports in Readymade Garments in Bangladesh

Readymade Garment (RMG) sector is the key sector of Bangladesh economy. It provides job opportunities for more than 4 million people and most of whose are women. Since last three decades, the RMG sector has become the leading export earning sector. It becomes possible only for cheap labour force. But inflation rate has in Bangladesh is also high. Thus the real wage in RMG sector is very low. As a result workers lead a measureable life. So, the government announced the fifth minimum wage. Theoretically, an increase in wage may decrease employment level and create job-less situation for workers. But this study does not find any effect of increasing minimum wage in RMG sector in Bangladesh on employment level and it does not create any unemployment. So, it seems to be blessing for the workers. Keywords: Impact, Readymade garments, Minimum wage, Worker.

Institutional Mechanism of National Identification Card: Bangladesh Experience

National ID card as a legal identity promises a host of goods that have tremendous potential to improve people’s lives. National ID cards are touted to provide greater access to services, benefits, and opportunities; greater protection of human rights and security; a more legitimate and equitable distribution of public resources. Seventy-nine million National ID cards (NID) were distributed to Bangladeshi citizens as part of the 2007/2008 voter registration process. The cards served as a powerful incentive for voters to come to registration centers.  During the voter registration process the Bangladesh Election Commission declared that the ID cards would be needed for 22 public and private services. Now, NID cards are making an impact on the daily life of Bangladeshis despite the fact that their legal status remains unclear, as Parliament has not passed the National Identities Registration Authority (NIRA) Ordinance. This study tempted to discuss about the experience of Institutional Mechanism of NID. The experiences of two countries (Ghana and Pakistan) have been discussed as a case study also to find the missing point of Bangladesh. It seems that with the legal status sound mechanism of ID, user friendliness, updating procedure, protection of duplicate registration and well equipped infrastructure is required to attain the deserved outcome from NID. Keywords: National ID card, Institutional Mechanism, Citizens’ Information, Effectivenes

Filtering Dishonest Trust Recommendations in Trust Management Systems in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Trust recommendations, having a pivotal role in computation of trust and hence confidence in peer to peer (P2P) environment, if hampered, may entail in colossal attacks from dishonest recommenders such as bad mouthing, ballot stuffing, random opinion etc. Therefore, mitigation of dishonest trust recommendations is stipulated as a challenging research issue in P2P systems (esp in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks). In order to cater these challenges associated with dishonest trust recommendations, a technique named “intelligently Selection of Trust Recommendations based on Dissimilarity factor (iSTRD)” has been devised for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.  iSTRD exploits  personal experience of an “evaluating node” in conjunction with majority vote of the recommenders. It successfully removes the recommendations of “low trustworthy recommenders” as well as dishonest recommendations of “highly trustworthy recommenders”. Efficacy of proposed approach is evident from enhanced accuracy of “recognition rate”, “false rejection” and “false acceptance”.  Moreover, experiential results depict that iSTRD has unprecedented performance compared to contemporary techniques in presence of attacks asserted

Electrical conductivity retention and electrochemical activity of CSA doped graphene/gold nanoparticle@ polyaniline composites

AbstractThis paper reports the synthesis of CTAB mediated CSA doped PANI and GN/GNP@ PANI composite nanofibers. The as synthesized composite nanofibers were examined by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy; UV–visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy and TGA. The CTAB mediated CSA doped composite nanofibers showed 59% higher DC electrical conductivity at ambient temperature than that of PANI, which might be due to the enhancement in the mobility of the charge carriers and reduction in hopping distance in the composite system. The CTAB mediated CSA doped composite nanofibers compared to PANI was observed to be showing enhanced DC electrical conductivity retention after various cycles of heating, suggesting an enhancement in thermal stability of the composite structure, which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of GN, GNP and PANI. Additionally, the composite nanofibers showed greater electrochemical activity and better capacitive performance and reduced optical bandgap than that of PANI