Cardiovascular disease risk factors among school children of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

Objective: Primarily, we assessed the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among school children living in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition to this, we sought the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors among them. Design, setting and participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 854 school children (aged 12&ndash;18 years) of Bangladesh. Ten public high schools (five from Dhaka and five from Sirajgonj district) were selected randomly and subjects from those were recruited conveniently. To link the family milieu of CVD risk factors, a parent of each children was also interviewed. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Distribution of CVD risk factors was measured using descriptive statistics as appropriate. Again, a saturated model of binary logistic regression was used to seek the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors. Results: Mean age of the school children was 14.6&plusmn;1.1 years and more than half (57.6%) were boys. Overall, 4.4% were currently smoker (urban&mdash;3.5%, rural&mdash;5.2%) with a strong family history of smoking (42.2%). Similar proportion of school children were identified as overweight (total 9.8%, urban 14.7%, rural 5%) and obese (total 9.8%, urban 16.8%, rural 2.8%) with notable urban-rural difference. More than three-fourth (80%) of them were physically inactive with no urban-rural variation. Only 2.4% consumed recommended fruits and/ or vegetables (urban&mdash;3.1%, rural&mdash;1.7%). In the adjusted model, place of residence had higher odds for having several modifiable CVD risk factors: current smoking (OR: 1.807, CI 0.872 to 3.744), inadequate fruits and vegetables intake (OR: 1.094, CI 0.631 to 1.895), physical inactivity (OR: 1.082, CI 0.751 to 1.558), overweight (OR: 3.812, CI 2.245 to 6.470) and obesity (OR: 7.449, CI 3.947 to 14.057). Conclusions: Both urban and rural school children of Bangladesh had poor CVD risk factors profile that demands further nation-wide large scale study to clarify the current findings more precisely.</jats:sec

Measuring Customer\u27s Satisfaction on Bus Transportation

The purpose of the study is to examine the factors measuring customers’ satisfaction, especially the impact of service quality on customers’ satisfaction in public transportation industry in the university town of Sintok located in Kedah province of Malaysia. In order to assess the relationships between service quality and customer satisfaction survey http://www.scientificjournals.org/journals2007/articles/1003.htm data were collected from 300 Bus commuters. All hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlations, controlling for the background variables of gender, marital status, ethnicity and education. The results indicate that hypotheses 1 through 5 were supported. Using multiple regressions as a basis for causal paths, a model was developed that examined the influence of all five dimensions of service quality on customers’ satisfaction. The model explained 26.9% of the variance which indicates that 26.9% of the changes in the dependent variable are explained by the independent variables. Altogether, independent variables explained 26.9% of the variations

Communications cryptography

In today's information age, communications play an important role which 1s contributed to the growth o f technologies. Electronic security is increasingly involved in making communications more prevalent. Therefore, a mechanism is needed to assure the security and privacy o f information that is sent over the electronic communications media is in need. Whether the communications media is wired o r wireless, both can be not protected from unauthorized reception or interception of transmission. The, method of transforming the original information into the unreadable format is called encryption and decryption of information. The study o f encryption and decryption is known as Cryptography. Cryptography or communication by using secret code was used by the Egyptians some 4000 years ago. However, t h e science of cryptography was initiated by Arabs since 600s. Cryptography becomes vital in the twentieth century where it played a crucial role in the World War I and 11. This paper focuses on the analysis of the two types of key cryptography exists, based on the availability of the key publicly: Private key Cryptography, and Public Key Cryptography. Both the sender and the recipient share a key that must be kept private. In the former case the sender and recipient share a private key between the two o f them which must be distributed first before actual communications take place. This analysis shows how much complicated and difficult to do properly. T h e most famous example o f t h i s type of cryptography is the Data Encryption Standard (DES). In the Public Key Cryptography, each party has two sets o f keys; one key is known to the public while the other is kept secret to the owner

Evaluation of the preoperative administration of sildenafil on operative and early postoperative outcome after mitral valve replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Background: Mitral valve diseases are commonly associated with pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of sildenafil on the outcome after mitral valve replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out on 67 patients who had a mitral valve replacement and associated high systolic pulmonary artery pressure more than 50 mmHg. Patients were randomized into three groups: group A (n= 20) received preoperative sildenafil for one week, group B (n=22) received sildenafil for one month, and group C (n= 25) did not receive sildenafil. All patients had transthoracic echocardiography preoperatively, one week and one month postoperatively. Results: There was no difference in preoperative and operative variables among groups. Dobutamine support was required in 15 patients (60%) in group C vs. 6 patients (30%) in group A and 5 patients (22.5%) in group B (p= 0.012). Duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in group C (389.2 ± 48.79 minutes) compared to group A and B (295.5 ± 17.01 and 281.4 ± 39.44 minutes, respectively, p&lt;0.001). ICU stay was longer in group C (61.72 ± 13.69 hours) compared to groups A and B (53.55 ± 14.49 and 45.64 ± 13.43 hours, respectively, p=0001). The hospital stay was longer in group C (8.0 ± 1.80 days) compared to group A and B (6.05 ± 0.94 and 6.27 ± 1.24 days, respectively; p&lt; 0.001). The transthoracic echocardiographic study one month after the operation showed that pulmonary artery systolic pressure significantly lower in groups A and B (28.30 ± 3.3 and 28.2 ± 4.98 mmHg, respectively) compared to group C (43.12 ± 4.99 mmHg) (p &lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B regarding PASP after five days&nbsp; (p= 0.287) or one month (p= 0.939). Conclusion: We found that preoperative administration of oral sildenafil in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing mitral valve replacement may reduce pulmonary hypertension postoperatively. We could not find a difference in the administration of sildenafil for either one week or one month preoperatively

The effect of placenta previa on fetal weight and feto-maternal blood flow: a prospective cohort study

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the effect of placenta previa on the fetal weight and to explore its effect on the uterine and umbilical arteries blood flow.Methods: The current study was a prospective cohort study conducted at Assiut Women’s Health Hospital, Egypt from 1st of October 2016 to 30th of September 2017 including placenta previa and non-placenta previa women. They were followed up by two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler blood flow in the uterine and umbilical arteries. The main study outcome was the number of low birth weight (LBW) babies delivered at or beyond 37 weeks and blood flow changes in uterine and umbilical arteries.Results: Two hundred twelve women were divided into two groups; group I included 106 placenta previa women (PP group) and 106 non-placenta previa women (NPP group). The number of LBW babies were comparable in both groups without statistically significant difference (P value= 0.555). Neither; uterine artery nor umbilical artery blood flow had any significant differences between the groups.  Preterm delivery was significantly higher in the PP group (p value=0.000).Conclusions: Although there is no agreement, in the literature, on the association between placenta previa and LBW, authors suggest that placenta previa is not a reason for LBW babies. In addition, placenta previa shows no effect on uterine artery or umbilical artery blood flow

Unexplained recurrent hematuria and clot retention following transurethral resection of the prostate

Severe hemorrhage following a prostatectomy is a rare and serious complication. A 60-year-old male with recurrent hematuria and clot retention following transurethral resection of the prostate  (TURP) which led to anemia presented at our department and was treated with repeated clot evacuation and fulguration and lastly re-resection and fulguration succeed to stop bleeding. At 18 months follow-up, the patient had recovered well. We concluded that re-resection and fulguration on fresh tissue without opening the venous sinusoids should be considered as one of the effective treatment of choice in recurrent hemorrhage following TURP.