Non performing loans - its causes, consequences and some learning

Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option of sound investment comes that ultimately leads to flow additional capital in future. The financial institutions, mainly banks, do these functions. In countries like ours, investment leakage in the form of non-functionalities poses a great threat on the sound running of this ‘capital formation – investment – capital formation’ process. This paper deals with non performing loan situations, basically the causes and consequences of this economic devil that is very much embedded in current economic structure. The possible steps are also pointed out to handle such situation.capital formation, workout, LRA, recovery agency

Non performing loans - its causes, consequences and some learning

Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option of sound investment comes that ultimately leads to flow additional capital in future. The financial institutions, mainly banks, do these functions. In countries like ours, investment leakage in the form of non-functionalities poses a great threat on the sound running of this ‘capital formation – investment – capital formation’ process. This paper deals with non performing loan situations, basically the causes and consequences of this economic devil that is very much embedded in current economic structure. The possible steps are also pointed out to handle such situation

Non performing loans - its causes, consequences and some learning

Investment in productive sector is the precondition for achieving the economic growth from a country perspective. Capital formation positively supports this investment function. Once a satisfactory level of capital is formed, the option of sound investment comes that ultimately leads to flow additional capital in future. The financial institutions, mainly banks, do these functions. In countries like ours, investment leakage in the form of non-functionalities poses a great threat on the sound running of this ‘capital formation – investment – capital formation’ process. This paper deals with non performing loan situations, basically the causes and consequences of this economic devil that is very much embedded in current economic structure. The possible steps are also pointed out to handle such situation

Profitability analysis of cut flower cultivation in Bangladesh: Constraints and opportunities

Bangladesh has immense potential for cut flower production and export to the world market. Although the export earnings from cut flower cultivation are gradually increasing in our country, production and profitability are hindered by some constraints. The present study was undertaken in Jashore (Jhikargachha) and Dhaka (Savar) districts to examine the financial profitability, constraints, and opportunities of cut-flower cultivation in Bangladesh. A total of 120 cut flower cultivating farmers were selected for interview in 2019, taking 60 sample farmers from each location. Multi-stage random sampling method was followed to collect primary data. For profitability analysis, two cut flowers, namely gladiolus and rose, were selected for the study. The result indicates that per hectare total cost, net return, and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were Tk. 687439, Tk. 261509 and 1.38, respectively, for gladiolus cultivation. On the other hand, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and BCR of rose cultivation were Tk. 2325762, 146%, and 1.46, respectively, indicating that rose production is highly profitable to the farmers of the study areas. Despite such potentialities, cut flower cultivation was constrained by the requirement of high initial investment, lack of modern varieties, lack of credit facility, lack of storage facility, attack by pests & diseases, and uncertain market price. However, there is a huge scope to increase cut flower production by removing constraints in Bangladesh that can boost up livelihoods, incomes, and living conditions of rural people.  Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(2): 41-48, Dec 202

HARDC : A novel ECG-based heartbeat classification method to detect arrhythmia using hierarchical attention based dual structured RNN with dilated CNN

In this paper have developed a novel hybrid hierarchical attention-based bidirectional recurrent neural network with dilated CNN (HARDC) method for arrhythmia classification. This solves problems that arise when traditional dilated convolutional neural network (CNN) models disregard the correlation between contexts and gradient dispersion. The proposed HARDC fully exploits the dilated CNN and bidirectional recurrent neural network unit (BiGRU-BiLSTM) architecture to generate fusion features. As a result of incorporating both local and global feature information and an attention mechanism, the model's performance for prediction is improved.By combining the fusion features with a dilated CNN and a hierarchical attention mechanism, the trained HARDC model showed significantly improved classification results and interpretability of feature extraction on the PhysioNet 2017 challenge dataset. Sequential Z-Score normalization, filtering, denoising, and segmentation are used to prepare the raw data for analysis. CGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Network) is then used to generate synthetic signals from the processed data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HARDC model significantly outperforms other existing models, achieving an accuracy of 99.60\%, F1 score of 98.21\%, a precision of 97.66\%, and recall of 99.60\% using MIT-BIH generated ECG. In addition, this approach substantially reduces run time when using dilated CNN compared to normal convolution. Overall, this hybrid model demonstrates an innovative and cost-effective strategy for ECG signal compression and high-performance ECG recognition. Our results indicate that an automated and highly computed method to classify multiple types of arrhythmia signals holds considerable promise.Comment: 23 page

Community-based interventions to prevent serious complications following spinal cord injury in Bangladesh:the CIVIC trial statistical analysis plan

Background: People who sustain spinal cord injuries in low- and middle-income countries are vulnerable to life-threatening complications after discharge. The aim of this trial is to determine the effect on all-cause mortality of a sustainable model of community-based care provided over the first 2 years after discharge. Methods and analysis: The CIVIC trial is a single centre, parallel group trial with concealed and stratified randomisation. The protocol has been previously published (BMJ Open 2016;6:e010350). This paper provides the accompanying detailed statistical plan. In total, 410 people with recent spinal cord injury who are wheelchair dependent and about to be discharged from the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed in Bangladesh are randomised to intervention or control groups. Participants assigned to the intervention group receive a model of community-based care in which a case manager provides ongoing telephone-based support and visits participants in their homes over a 2-year period. Participants assigned to the control group receive usual care which may involve a follow-up phone call or a home visit. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality at 2 years as determined by a blinded assessor (Bangladesh does not have a death registry). The primary effectiveness analysis will compare Kaplan-Meier survival curves (time from allocation to death) in the intervention and control groups using the log-rank test (two-tailed α = 0.05). Participants will be censored at the time they were last known to be alive or at the time of the follow-up assessment. Recruitment finished in March 2018 and the last assessment will be conducted in March 2020. Discussion: The CIVIC trial will provide unbiased and precise estimates of the effectiveness of a model of community-based care for people with spinal cord injuries in Bangladesh. The results will have implications for provision of health services for people with spinal cord injuries and other conditions that cause serious disability in low-income and middle-income countries. Trial registration: ANZCTR, ACTRN12615000630516, U1111-1171-1876. Registered on 17 June 2015

The construction of bivariate distributions based on copula functions and a related bayesian estimation procedure

Bibliography: p. 106-113

Grameen Bank's micro-credit model: a comparative study with Bangladeshi commercial banks' performance in micro-credit activities

Micro-credit has been found the most important tool for fighting with poverty through development of income generating activities among the poor, who do not qualify for bank loans under the traditional banking system. In 1983, Grameen Bank in Bangladesh revolutionized a new banking concept on the fact that credit is a basic human right; poor people must qualify for credits despite their financial and social status. At present, Grameen Bank, which mainly targets the rural women, is the most successful micro-credit institution in the world. Commercial banks in Bangladesh have also been engaged in micro-credit programs aimed at poverty alleviation. However, their success rates in these programs seem unsatisfactory. The study is intended to identify success factors of Grameen Bank, and assess the micro-credit programs of Bangladeshi commercial banks

MANAGEMENT OF A GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME PATIENT THROUGH THREE TRACK REASONING: A CASE STUDY

Background: Clinical reasoning is a thinking and decision making process which occur in clinical practice. It helps the health care providers to solve the clinical problem by using their reasoning process in an effective and efficient manner. Three track reasoning in one of the clinical reasoning process which includes the procedural, interactive and conditional reasoning to diagnose as well as ensure proper rehabilitation service according to patient and patient’s family members’ needs. Methods: A single case based study through the three track reasoning process. The purpose of this study was to explore the management strategies of a Gullian Barrie Syndrome (GBS) patient through three track reasoning. We have tried to show how the basic idea behind the reasoning process helped to determine the reasoning process and diagnosis. However it has performed through theory and observation. We have also showed how we used the reasoning process through with the common sense reasoning. However it was the part of procedural reasoning in three track clinical reasoning. In three track reasoning, there is also interactive and procedural reasoning part through which we told patient story about his condition, identified his and his family members expectations and to establish hypothesis as GBS. So three track reasoning also supported us to do reasoning process rather than selecting another reasoning process. Results: After analyzing the reasoning process it was identified that to be strict in a single reasoning process is very difficult. Clinical reasoning is the clinician’s ability through which they can consider the interpretation of different clinical findings. An expert clinician must have critical thinking skill rather than ignoring any symptoms or overemphasize the symptoms. In addition, patient’s knowledge, believes and reasoning was found an important part of clinical reasoning process in this study. Conclusion: We have been practicing clinical reasoning in our day to day practice, but we were not conscious about it. That’s why we may not critically think about it at the time of dealing with this case. Thus, selecting three track clinical reasoning model the case was diagnosed and treated accordingly