On the optical-mechanical analogy in general relativity

We demonstrate that the Evans-Rosenquist formulation of the optical mechanical analogy, so successful in the application to classical problems, also describes the motion of massless particles in the Schwarzschild field of general relativity. It is possible to obtain the well known equations for light orbit and radar echo delay which account for two exclusive tests of Einstein's field equations. Some remarks including suggestions for future work are also added.Comment: Uploaded on arxiv for the benefit of the researcher

Reduced Dataset Neural Network Model for Manuscript Character Recognition

The automatic character recognition task has been of practical interest for a long time. Nowadays, there are well-established technologies and software to perform character recognition accurately from scanned documents. Although handwritten character recognition from the manuscript image is challenging, the advancement of modern machine learning techniques makes it astonishingly manageable. The problem of accurately recognizing handwritten character remains of high practical interest since a large number of manuscripts are currently not digitized, and hence inaccessible to the public. We create our repository of the datasets by cropping each letter image manually from the manuscript images. The availability of datasets is the major obstacle in our experiment. However, we tackle the problem by using resampling and convolutional techniques for performing character recognition from manuscript images in our neural network model with this reduced training dataset. The experimental result shows that our proposed model outperforms the previous work

Mitigation of silver pollution by biochar adsorption

Anwarul Islam investigated a sustainable solution to remove silver ions and silver nanoparticles from wastewater. He found that biochar derived from biomass waste is a good adsorbent for silver species which are toxic to human health and the ecosystem. Using biomass waste to mitigate silver pollution is also a potential approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh: Prospects and Challenges and Its Impact on Economy

This research will try to examine the FDI plays a dominant role in the economy of Bangladesh through accelerating Gross Domestic Product (GDP), export and domestic investment followed by overall economic growth. So it is vital for a developing country like Bangladesh to carry out effective measures in protecting the prospective foreign investors so that they can get a congenial atmosphere to invest their capital. They should feel that their role in the business arena of Bangladesh is respectfully valued. In this connection, friendly regulations, simplifying regulatory practices, investment incentives and removal of inefficient bureaucratic procedures should be ensured

Optimum design of sway frames

The work presented in this thesis consists mainly of three design methods for sway frames based on the minimum-weight concept. For multistorey frames the aim has been to produce quick, simple and inexpensive design methods that can be used without recourse to a large computer. The proposed direct design procedure for multistorey sway frames to limiting deflections at working load is suitable for hand calculation and the discrete properties of standard rolled sections can be taken into consideration. Design charts have been presented to reduce the amount of calculation. For the design of multistorey frames to strength, stability and deflection requirements, an approximate elastic-plastic analysis procedure has been developed using substitute frames. Design by this method is based on the frame behaviour up to collapse while satisfying the permissible deflections at working load as specified by the codes. For small frames, hand calculations can be used, whereas simple programmes suitable for desk-top computers enable rapid design of large frames. A computer analysis procedure for members with varying cross- sections has been developed using the matrix displacement method. This has been used to evolve an optimum design method for single-bay pitched-roof tapered portal frames to strength and deflection requirements. A linear programming technique has been used to solve the non-linear functions of the optimisation problem by following a multi-linear path

Data-Driven Flow and Injection Estimation in PMU-Unobservable Transmission Systems

Fast and accurate knowledge of power flows and power injections is needed for a variety of applications in the electric grid. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used to directly compute them at high speeds; however, a large number of PMUs will be needed for computing all the flows and injections. Similarly, if they are calculated from the outputs of a linear state estimator, then their accuracy will deteriorate due to the quadratic relationship between voltage and power. This paper employs machine learning to perform fast and accurate flow and injection estimation in power systems that are sparsely observed by PMUs. We train a deep neural network (DNN) to learn the mapping function between PMU measurements and power flows/injections. The relation between power flows and injections is incorporated into the DNN by adding a linear constraint to its loss function. The results obtained using the IEEE 118-bus system indicate that the proposed approach performs more accurate flow/injection estimation in severely unobservable power systems compared to other data-driven methods.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

To What Extent Do the Investment Programs in the Infrastructure Sector Comply with the Determinants of National Competitive Advantage?

The paper has examined what needed has to spend on infrastructure projects that would support the private sector, create real work opportunities, and improve productivity. We’re also not spending evenly on sectors that could contribute to a sustainable economic stimulus, make our products more competitive, and attract investment capital. The PIF has in fact taken on this role. Even though it cannot cover everything, it is working in a number of sectors, including communications, energy, and housing all sectors that spur growth.The fiscal situation, as any observer of Palestine’s economy knows, remains unstable. Obviously expenditure goes primarily to salaries and current expenditures as a result of the extraordinary circumstances. And obv iously this situation can only deepen Palestine’s dependence on donors

The Role of Micro credit and Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) - Extent and Intensity of poverty, poverty alleviation and Outreach

This study is about micro credit and its contribution to the improvement and poverty reduction for millions of the poorest people of Bangladesh. Micro credit has a huge impact on the lives of millions of poor people particularly to women. Numerous scholars and NGOs have been working with micro credit to reach poor people, who are still not benefited by the conventional financial system. In this study, it has been tried to present evidence of the important contributions made by micro credit in the eradication of poverty by increasing the income generating activities, empowerment of poor people to access development services such as health and education, and reduction in vulnerability. Micro credit is now being considered as one of the most important and an effective mechanism for poverty reduction. Present study describes about micro credit activities and helps to investigate the impact of micro credit on the poor people of the society with the main focus on target people of the study area. Researcher mainly concise this study through client's (the poor people, who borrowed loan from micro credit institutions) perspective and build up this research based on questionnaire survey and field observation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show how micro credit works to improve the quality of poor targeted groups and reducing poverty and how it affects the living standard (income, saving & health etc.) of the poor people in study area. Several micro credit institutions are working in the study area. Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA and PROSHIKA are some of the prominent of them. These institutions are working tremendously to the empowerment, poverty reduction and improvement of living standards for the poor people in the study area. Keywords: Micro credit, MFIs and Poverty alleviation