233 research outputs found
The Eurasian Economic Union in Search of Strategic Partners: The Gravity Effects of Integration Blocs
Se trata de uno de los resultados de investigación basados en la línea de investigación para la realización de la Tesis Doctoral dirigida por el candidato y defendida por su coautora, titulada: “The role of the models of strategic partnership in the new world order. Euro-Russian relations and the Eurasian Economic Union in strategic perspective” (con calificación de Sobresaliente cum laude por unanimidad y Mención Internacional).
Inspirado en la participación de los candidatos en el Congreso Internacional: 32nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, Bilbao (2-4/09/2020) y organizado por la prestigiosa European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, así como en aportaciones de los autores a otros congresos como: XIX Reunión de Economía Mundial / XIX World Economy Meeting (10-12/05/2017); XII Jornadas de Seguridad, Defensa y Cooperación (14-16/11/2018); XXXII Congreso Internacional de Economía Aplicada, ASEPELT (4-7/07/2018), entre otros.The present contribution aims at researching the new Eurasian project on the post-Soviet area, the Eurasian Economic Union, by analyzing the legal aspects of both its institutional and economic frameworks. Because of its relatively small size, not only should the Eurasian Economic Union increase bilateral trade with its member states but also promote commerce outside the Union. In this regard, the crucial objective for success is the development of long-term relationships with its strategic partners based on mutual economic benefits and shared values. We applied the gravity model and identified not only which factors influence bilateral foreign trade, including the differences in partners’ values based on a neo-institutional approach, but also analyzed those integration blocs and groups of countries to determine with which partners the Eurasian Economic Union should develop strategic partnerships
Cross-sectional and spatial panel data analysis of territorial economic cohesion in the European Union regions based on convergence approach: From 2 to 8 per cent?
From an economic, political and social standpoint, one of the most evident and visible features of today’s European Union as a supranational regional organization is its heterogeneity, where disparity seems to be the common denominator. This leads to the interest for measuring the territorial economic cohesion of the EU. From an eminently economic perspective, and working with the GDP per capita of the EU NUTS-2 regions for the period 2003–2021, this paper aims to provide evidence of a lack of territorial economic cohesion through a beta and sigma convergence methodology by applying cross-sectional and spatial panel data analysis. The findings show that the speed of convergence depends mainly on the level of economic development, its cycles and the heterogeneity of the, which implies conditional convergence. Less developed regions show higher convergence speeds, which are also accentuated during recession periods. Greater heterogeneity among the regions also increases the convergence speed, while accentuating in the less developed regions. In general terms, the results reveal convergence speeds of the entire NUTS-2 regions between 7 and 11 per cent (much higher than 2 per cent under absolute convergence). Likewise, when considering spatial dependence, a reduction in convergence speeds between approximately 3 and 8 per cent is detected. Finally, the 29 vulnerable regions have been identified, with economic development and growth below the EU average mean, emphasizing the need to take the concerns of territorial economic cohesion into account.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU
Despoblación de las regiones de bajos ingresos de la UE: ¿puede la digitalización a través del acceso de banda ancha reducirlo?
Depopulated rural or post-industrial areas, which are often low-income with
fewer job opportunities, represent an open challenge for the European Union.
Sharp demographic declines especially in Eastern and Southern Europe, due
to the intra-EU migration of younger, skilled workers from these areas have
become a serious obstacle to the sustainable development of many EU lowerincome
regions. The European Parliament highlights the gap in ICT connectivity
among other reasons.
This paper aims to provide empirical evidence, by applying Panel Data
Analysis, that digitalisation of European NUTS-2 regions with lower incomes via
Broadband Access may contribute to reversing negative demographic trends.Las zonas rurales despobladas o postindustriales, que suelen ser de bajos ingresos y con menos oportunidades laborales, representan un desafío abierto para la Unión Europea. Las fuertes caídas demográficas, especialmente en Europa del Este y del Sur, debido a la migración dentro de la UE de trabajadores más jóvenes y calificados de estas áreas, se han convertido en un serio obstáculo para el desarrollo sostenible de muchas regiones de la UE con bajos ingresos. El Parlamento Europeo destaca la brecha en la conectividad de las TIC, entre otras razones.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar evidencia empírica, mediante la aplicación de análisis de datos de panel, de que la digitalización de las regiones europeas NUTS-2 con ingresos más bajos a través del acceso de banda ancha puede contribuir a revertir las tendencias demográficas negativas
The empirical evidence of digital trends in more disadvantaged European Union regions in terms of income and population density
Remote rural and postindustrial regions are much morevulnerable to population drain in comparison with indus-trialized centers and capitals, due to obvious reasons suchas meager job opportunities, difficulties in accessing publicservices in education, healthcare and transport, housing,entertainment, lack of integration with other territoriesand, finally, less advanced levels of digitalization. Thisrepresents an open challenge for the European Unionwithin the framework of its Cohesion Policy. This paperanalyzes the impact of digital trends, represented by thepercentage of the population with access to internet andbroadband and the percentage of individuals who buygoods and internet services (percentages provided byEurostat) in less populated EU NUTS2 regions with lowerincome, on the crude population growth rate composed ofnatural changes in population and migratory flows and onthe unemployment rate by applying panel data analysis. Ithas been possible to confirm that digitalization has a pos-itive impact on natural changes in population in EU regionswith lower economic development. On the contrary, theunemployment rate does not affect natural changes inpopulation, but it does have a negative impact on migratoryFunding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBU
Potenciales cerebrales relacionados a feedback en el estudio del aprendizaje y la toma de decisiones económicas
Studies using Event-Related Potentials have shown the existence of a component called Feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN). This component has been characterized as a negative deflection which responds differentially to profits and losses in terms of expected and unexpected outcomes. Thus, while some studies have defined the idea of "expected outcome" as the probability to win vs. to lose, others have defined it as the expected size of rewards. How these alternative interpretations of "expected outcome" affect the fERN's research, and the effects of their interaction under a specific model of "expected value" has not been properly assessed. This work contextualizes the general study of neural mechanisms involved in decisionmaking processes, putting the fERN studies in context; besides, it reviews the two main approaches to its research; and finally, it explores the possibilities to further expand the fERN studies, in the context of the transdisciplinary rising field of neuroeconomics
Stock Management in Hospital Pharmacy using Chance-Constrained Model Predictive Control
One of the most important problems in the pharmacy department of a hospital is stock management. The clinical need for drugs must be satisfied with limited work labor while minimizing the use of economic resources. The complexity of the problem resides in the random nature of the drug demand and the multiple constraints that must be taken into account in every decision. In this article, chance-constrained model predictive control is proposed to deal with this problem. The flexibility of model predictive control allows taking into account explicitly the different objectives and constraints involved in the problem while the use of chance constraints provides a trade-off between conservativeness and efficiency. The solution proposed is assessed to study its implementation in two Spanish hospitals.Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-240
Local food environment interventions to improve healthy food choice in adults: a systematic review and realist synthesis protocol.
INTRODUCTION: Local food environments have been linked with dietary intake and obesity in adults. However, overall evidence remains mixed with calls for increased theoretical and conceptual clarity related to how availability of neighbourhood food outlets, and within-outlet food options, influence food purchasing and consumption. The purpose of this work is to develop a programme theory of food availability, supported by empirical evidence from a range of local food environment interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search of the literature will be followed by duplicate screening and quality assessment (using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool). Realist synthesis will then be conducted according to the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) publication standards, including transparent appraisal, synthesis and drawing conclusions via consensus. DISSEMINATION: The final synthesis will propose an evidence-based programme theory of food availability, including evidence mapping to demonstrate contextual factors, pathways of influence and potential mechanisms. With the paucity of empirically supported programme theories used in current local food environment interventions to improve food availability, this synthesis may be used to understand how and why interventions work, and thus inform the development of theory-driven, evidence-based interventions to improve healthy food choice and future empirical work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42014009808.The work was undertaken by the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR, MR/K023187/1), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged. Additionally, TLP's PhD studentship is generously supported by the Cambridge International Scholarship, a scheme funded by the Cambridge Commonwealth, European & International Trust.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the British Medical Journal via http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-00716
Movilidad en el medio construido
Este artículo revisa aportes recientes en el campo de las ciencias cognitivas en relación al diseño del hábitat construido. Primeramente se describen los principales paradigmas teóricos que han animado el debate sobre cognición y conducta humanas durante las últimas décadas, para luego examinar las posibles aplicaciones de estas teorías en la arquitectura y el urbanismo, particularmente en torno a la capacidad de orientarnos y movernos en el medio construido. This article reviews recent contributions in the field of cognitive science in relation to the design of the built environment. First we describe the main theoretical paradigms that have animated the debate on human cognition and behavior over the past decades, and then discuss possible applications of these theories in architecture and urbanism, particularly around our ability to orient and move in the built environment.Cet article s’intéresse aux contributions récentes dans le champ des sciences cognitives liées à la conception de l’habitat construit. Tout d’abord, sont décris les principaux paradigmes théoriques qui ont animés le débat sur la cognition et la conduite humaine au cours des dernières années, pour ensuite examiner les possibles applications de ces théories dans les domaines de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, et plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne notre capacité d’orientation et de mobilité au sein du milieu construit.Este artigo analisa as contribuições recentes no campo da ciência cognitiva em relação ao desenho do ambiente construído. Primeiro vamos descrever os principais paradigmas teóricos que têm animado o debate sobre cognição e comportamento humano nas últimas décadas e, em seguida, discutir as possíveis aplicações dessas teorias em arquitetura e urbanismo, especialmente em torno da capacidade de orientar e se mover em ambiente construído
Movilidad en el medio construido
Este artículo revisa aportes recientes en el campo de las ciencias cognitivas en relación al diseño del hábitat construido. Primeramente se describen los principales paradigmas teóricos que han animado el debate sobre cognición y conducta humanas durante las últimas décadas, para luego examinar las posibles aplicaciones de estas teorías en la arquitectura y el urbanismo, particularmente en torno a la capacidad de orientarnos y movernos en el medio construido. This article reviews recent contributions in the field of cognitive science in relation to the design of the built environment. First we describe the main theoretical paradigms that have animated the debate on human cognition and behavior over the past decades, and then discuss possible applications of these theories in architecture and urbanism, particularly around our ability to orient and move in the built environment.Cet article s’intéresse aux contributions récentes dans le champ des sciences cognitives liées à la conception de l’habitat construit. Tout d’abord, sont décris les principaux paradigmes théoriques qui ont animés le débat sur la cognition et la conduite humaine au cours des dernières années, pour ensuite examiner les possibles applications de ces théories dans les domaines de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, et plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne notre capacité d’orientation et de mobilité au sein du milieu construit.Este artigo analisa as contribuições recentes no campo da ciência cognitiva em relação ao desenho do ambiente construído. Primeiro vamos descrever os principais paradigmas teóricos que têm animado o debate sobre cognição e comportamento humano nas últimas décadas e, em seguida, discutir as possíveis aplicações dessas teorias em arquitetura e urbanismo, especialmente em torno da capacidade de orientar e se mover em ambiente construído
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