Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Incidence by Age and Histological Types Distribution

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms and the leading cause of tumor-related death in both sexes. As the advancing age is an important risk factor for its development this tumor occurs mostly in elderly people. There are four histological types: small lung cell cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinoma, squamous and large cell carcinoma. The last three are together referred to as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This research was conducted to determine the incidence of NSCLC among different age groups and estimate the distribution of different histological types of NSCLC. METHODS Center for Pathology at Clinical Center of Montenegro was done. The data were analysed using Microsoft Office Excell 2016. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There were 442 non small cell lung cancers in total and from 2012 to 2014 the number of NSCLCs increased by 11%. The highest incidence of NSCL was noted in individuals aged 60 to 69 (40.04%) and 50 to 59 (30.32%). Out of 364 NSCLCs that were in more details histologically specified, 183 (50.27%) were squamous and 171 (46.98%) were adenocarcinomas. The predominant histological type was squamous, which correlates to high cigarette smoking incidence in Montenegro and more than one third of new cases were diagnosed in people in seventh decade of life, which might be due to late cancer diagnosis

Drug Shortages in Three Randomly Selected Public Pharmacies in Montenegro

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Drug shortages (DS) cause many problems for physicians, health care facilities, patients and regulatory bodies. This study was performed to determine which medicines, depending on Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and route of administration, were short in supply in public pharmacies in Montenegro during one-year period. METHODS Given the lack of national database of medicines in short supply, required information were obtained through semi-structural interviews about DS during 2018, with pharmacists employed in three public pharmacies, randomly selected from each region of the country. This prospective study was carried out within the framework of a two-year National project on DS in Montenegro. RESULTS Most of the drugs short in supply were Ophthalmological drugs (ATC code S01) in the form of eye drops, with prevalence of anti-glaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E), such as pilocarpine, timolol and travoprost. The second place was taken by Antidepressants (N06A) for oral administration, like amitriptyline, escitalopram and mianserin. They were followed by Antibacterial drugs for systemic application (J01), such as cefuroxime and ceftriaxone, and Psycholeptics (N05), most often Antipsychotics (N05A), like promazine, and Anxiolytics (N05B), like bromazepam. CONCUSLION Patients with eye diseases, especially glaucoma, were mostly affected by DS during the one-year period in Montenegro. In second place are patients with depression, in which the lack of the right remedy can have serious consequences, including suicide. It is necessary that all members in the supply chain take additional measures and activities in order to reduce this problem. This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science of Montenegro

Drug Shortages in Three Randomly Selected Public Pharmacies in Montenegro

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Drug shortages (DS) cause many problems for physicians, health care facilities, patients and regulatory bodies. This study was performed to determine which medicines, depending on Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and route of administration, were short in supply in public pharmacies in Montenegro during one-year period. METHODS Given the lack of national database of medicines in short supply, required information were obtained through semi-structural interviews about DS during 2018, with pharmacists employed in three public pharmacies, randomly selected from each region of the country. This prospective study was carried out within the framework of a two-year National project on DS in Montenegro. RESULTS Most of the drugs short in supply were Ophthalmological drugs (ATC code S01) in the form of eye drops, with prevalence of anti-glaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E), such as pilocarpine, timolol and travoprost. The second place was taken by Antidepressants (N06A) for oral administration, like amitriptyline, escitalopram and mianserin. They were followed by Antibacterial drugs for systemic application (J01), such as cefuroxime and ceftriaxone, and Psycholeptics (N05), most often Antipsychotics (N05A), like promazine, and Anxiolytics (N05B), like bromazepam. CONCUSLION Patients with eye diseases, especially glaucoma, were mostly affected by DS during the one-year period in Montenegro. In second place are patients with depression, in which the lack of the right remedy can have serious consequences, including suicide. It is necessary that all members in the supply chain take additional measures and activities in order to reduce this problem. This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science of Montenegro