The Tax and Transfer Fiscal Impacts of Dropping Out of High School in Philadelphia City and Suburbs

This research article provides detailed information on the effects of the escalating high school drop out rate in Philadelphia. High school dropouts impose very high costs on the broader community. This report details these costs, including: These costs include: lower tax payments to the government, intensive reliance on cash and non-cash government income transfers, and the cost of incarceration. In addition, this article demonstrates how the fiscal consequences of dropping out of high school have been exacerbated by changes in the economy

The Lifetime Employment and Earnings Consequences of Dropping Out of High School in Philadelphia

What's the difference between a Philadelphia graduate and a high school dropout? About $580,000, according to this study which shows the difference in net fiscal contribution over a working lifetime (tax revenue generated vs. tax revenue received) between a Philadelphia student who earns a diploma and one who does not. This research report also offers information on the percentage of students in Philadelphia who do not graduate from high school, the difference in lifetime earnings between high school graduates and high school dropouts, and the likelihood of employment for high school graduates compared to high school dropouts

SYNTHESIS, IN SILICO PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objectives: Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds plays an important role in medicinal chemistry. Among them, five-membered ring pyrazolines have found to possess many biological and pharmacological activities like anticancer, antitubercular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. Objective is to determine the physicochemical and drug like properties of the synthesized pyrazolines by in silico methods and to screen their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.Methods: Chalcones were synthesized from naphthaldehydes by condensing with various substituted acetophenones in ethanol and cyclized into pyrazolines using semicarbazides/thiosemicarbazides by conventional and microwave oven synthesis. The physicochemical and drug like properties were determined by using computational tools. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by alpha amylase inhibition assay method. Antioxidant activity studies were done by DPPH and nitric oxide method.Results: Pyrazolines were synthesized from chalcones. Microwave irradiated synthesis of chalcone was carried out to get higher yield with less reaction time period as compared to conventional method. The synthesized pyrazolines produces yield around 68% (conventional) and 85% (microwave). In silico studies showed considerable values satisfying all the parameters of physicochemical and Lipinski's rule of five properties.  Among the compounds tested for antidiabetic and antioxidant studies, some showed promising activity.Conclusion: Physiochemical and drug like properties revealed that these compounds have good bioavailability and druglikeness properties. So these compounds are found to be interesting lead molecules for further synthesis as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents.Keywords: Chalcones, pyrazolines, in silico physicochemical properties, biological activities.Â

Nonlinear Stability in the Generalised Photogravitational Restricted Three Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag

The Nonlinear stability of triangular equilibrium points has been discussed in the generalised photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting-Robertson drag. The problem is generalised in the sense that smaller primary is supposed to be an oblate spheroid. The bigger primary is considered as radiating. We have performed first and second order normalization of the Hamiltonian of the problem. We have applied KAM theorem to examine the condition of non-linear stability. We have found three critical mass ratios. Finally we conclude that triangular points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fails.Comment: Including Poynting-Robertson Drag the triangular equilibrium points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fail

The effect of fertilizer treatments on nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of winter wheat on selected western Oregon soils

A series of nine experiments designed to evaluate the effects of N, P, and K fertilizers on the production of wheat in western Oregon were seeded in the fall and carried through the 1967 growing season. The experimental sites were selected to represent different soils that are used for production of wheat in western Oregon. The locations also provided a range in yields, nutrient content, test weight and protein content of the three wheat varieties used for the experiments. The soils of the experimental sites included two of the most productive soils in the Willamette valley, Chehalis and Woodburn series, and the Steiwer and Willakenzie series which represent large areas of hill soils in western Oregon. The other selected sites represented the Aloha, Amity, Laurelwood, Newberg and Wapato series. Three wheat varieties, Druchamp, Nugaines and Gaines, were used on the experiments in a completely randomized block design. Treatment combinations of different rates of N, P and K fertilizers were applied on one selected variety of winter wheat at each location. A varietal comparison was included for which an optimum fertilizer treatment was applied to plots of each variety. In the fall a small amount of N plus the P and K fertilizers were banded with the seed at plating time. A spray application of Karmex (3-3,4 dichlorophenyl 1 methoxy 1 methylurea) was applied immediately following seeding except for the Dromgoold site where Karmex was sprayed prior to planting, On some but not all of the plots a spray application of 2, 4 D (2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was applied in spring to control broadleaf weeds. The major portion of fertilizer was applied in the spring in a broadcast application. The N, P, and K contents of plant tissue at two stages of growth and protein content of the grain were determined in the laboratory. Yield of grain and test weight on samples harvested were obtained on each experimental plot. The data were statistically analyzed, treatment means were compared and tested for relevant information. The application of N increased the yield of grain and the concentration of N, P and K in the plant tissue. The application of Nalso decreased the test weight of the grain and increased protein content of the grain. The application of K produced no major significant changes in any of the variables studied, but P application produced a significant increase in grain yield at one location and somewhat smaller increases in yield at five other locations. Absence of response to P at some locations and K applications at essentially all locations was probably due to the adequate levels of these nutrients in the soil prior to treatment. The present experiments substantiated the previous caliberations for P and K soil analyses. Nugaines was the highest yielding variety in a majority of the experiments when compared with either Gaines or Druchamp. Nugaines also had a significantly greater test weight than Gaines and Druchamp. Druchamp had the highest protein content of the three varieties at all locations where rates of fertilizers were comparable, but the concentration of N in plants of the individual varieties at the jointing stage was lowest for the Druchamp variety at all locations. The climatic conditions in the valley during the growing season of 1967 were unusually mild during winter and drier and warmer than normal during the summer months. These climatic adversities probably resulted in a below average response to the applied fertilizer. Also competition from grass was above average. Stripe and leaf rusts were serious problems throughout western Oregon. These factors created conditions which undoubtedly reduced yields and responses from fertilizer