OUTCOME OF USE OF HIGH QUALITY CHAMOMILE EXTRACT ON SLEEP DISORDERS OCCURRING AFTER MENOPAUSE

Objective: To compare the outcome of four weeks use of High Grade Extract of Chamomile and the placebo on sleep diary data. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology outdoor, Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 22, 2018 to January 10, 2019. Methodology: Two equal groups were made with 53 menopausal women in each. Age, age at menarche and menopause, and BMI was compared between the two groups. Sleep latency, time and number of awakenings, total sleep time, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, PQSI score, BDI, FSS and STAI-T score were compared between both the groups at baseline and 28th day. Student t-test was applied using SPSS v.23 computer software. P>0.05 was considered statistically insignificant. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, significant improvement was observed in sleep latency, time of waking after sleep onset, number of awakenings and total sleep time in the Chamomile group compared with placebo group (0.023, 0.002, 0.019 and <0.001, respectively). The improvement in STAI score was statistically significant (0.024) in the chamomile group. , There was some improvement observed in the chamomile group in terms of sleep quality (0.075) and sleep efficiency (0.059) but the differences were still statistically insignificant. Conclusion: It is concluded that chamomile extract has significant beneficial effects on the menopausal women suffering from sleep disorders. Keywords: menopause, sleep disorders, chamomile extract DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-1

Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Acute St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objective: of our study was to evaluate the incidence of acute fibrillation developing in the context of acute myocardial infarction population. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in department Cardiology Nishtar Hospital, Multan under supervision of senior cardiologists. Patients who were presented with acute myocardial infarction selected for study, duration April 2018 to February 2019. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS software, mean and SD representation was done for continuous data like age and frequency (percentages %) representation were done for categorical variables like gender, hypertension, DM, onset of old AF and new AF. chi square test was applied to see association between variables. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant.  Results: A total of 214 patients were enrolled in this study. There was association between new onset of AF and age (p=0.000). Old AF found in 7.9% (n=17) in patients. The main outcome of this study was new outset AF, in our study, it was found in 18.7% (n=40) patients. Conclusion: New onset of atrial fibrillation is a common type of Arrhythmia which is highly associated with ST segment elevation mayocardial infarction or acute mayocardial infarction. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, prognosis, ST segment elevation. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-1

Over expression of a synthetic gene encoding interferon lambda using relative synonymous codon usage bias in Escherichia coli

Interferon Lambda (IFN-λ) is a type III interferon which belongs to a novel family of cytokines and possesses antiviral and antitumor properties. It is unique in its own class of cytokines; because of the specificity towards its heterodimer receptors and its structural similarities with cytokines of other classes. This renders IFN-λ a better choice for the treatment against many diseases including viral hepatitis and human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC). The present study describes a computational approach known as relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU); used to enhance the expression of IFN-λ protein in a eukaryotic expression system. Manually designed and commercially synthesized IFN-λ gene was cloned into pET-22b expression plasmid under the control of inducible T7-lac promoter. Maximum levels of IFN-λ expression was observed with 0.4 mM IPTG in transformed E. coli incubated for 4 hours in LB medium. Higher concentrations of IPTG had no or negative effect on the expression of IFN-λ. This synthetically over expressed IFN-λ can be tested as a targeted treatment option for viral hepatitis after purification