Method for remotely sensing turbulence of planetary atmospheres

Based on variances of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of radio occultation data received from orbital and fly-by missions, structure constant for Venusian planetary atmosphere has been estimated with high-confidence factor. Analysis indicates that effects of inhomogeneity, finite size, and superrefractivity of atmospheric turbulence cannot be ignored

Neutron Star Mergers as the Origin of r-Process Elements in the Galactic Halo Based on the Sub-halo Clustering Scenario

Binary mergers (NSMs) of double neutron star (and black hole-neutron star) systems are suggested to be major sites of r-process elements in the Galaxy by recent hydrodynamical and nucleosynthesis studies. It has been pointed out, however, that the estimated long lifetimes of neutron star binaries are in conflict with the presence of r-process-enhanced halo stars at metallicities as low as [Fe/H] ~ -3. To resolve this problem, we examine the role of NSMs in the early Galactic chemical evolution on the assumption that the Galactic halo was formed from merging sub-halos. We present simple models for the chemical evolution of sub-halos with total final stellar masses between 10^4 M_solar and 2 x 10^8 M_solar. Typical lifetimes of compact binaries are assumed to be 100 Myr (for 95% of their population) and 1 Myr (for 5%), according to recent binary population synthesis studies. The resulting metallcities of sub-halos and their ensemble are consistent with the observed mass-metallicity relation of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group, and the metallicity distribution of the Galactic halo, respectively. We find that the r-process abundance ratios [r/Fe] start increasing at [Fe/H] <= -3 if the star formation efficiencies are smaller for less massive sub-halos. In addition, the sub-solar [r/Fe] values (observed as [Ba/Fe] ~ -1.5 for [Fe/H] < -3) are explained by the contribution from the short-lived (~1 Myr) binaries. Our results indicate that NSMs may have a substantial contribution to the r-process element abundances throughout the Galactic history.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Scintillation effects in the magnetized plasma

Statistical characteristics of scattered electromagnetic waves in the turbulent magnetized plasma caused by electron density fluctuations are calculated using complex geometrical optics approximation taking into account both diffraction effects and polarization coefficients. Scintillation level normalized on the variance of the phase fluctuations is analyzed analytically and numerically for small-scale plasma irregularities using the experimental data. New properties of the electromagnetic wave scintillations have been revealed. It is shown that splashes arise in the ionosphere leading to the turbulence and generation of new oscillations (waves and/or Pc pulsations) propagating in space and the terrestrial atmosphere. Turbulence extending in the lower atmospheric layers can influence on the meteorological parameters leading to climate change.Web of Science8116515

Equations for the self-consistent field in random medium

An integral-differential equation is derived for the self-consistent (effective) field in the medium consisting of many small bodies randomly distributed in some region. Acoustic and electromagnetic fields are considered in such a medium. Each body has a characteristic dimension $a\ll\lambda$, where $\lambda$ is the wavelength in the free space. The minimal distance $d$ between any of the two bodies satisfies the condition $d\gg a$, but it may also satisfy the condition $d\ll\lambda$. Using Ramm's theory of wave scattering by small bodies of arbitrary shapes, the author derives an integral-differential equation for the self-consistent acoustic or electromagnetic fields in the above medium

副腎皮質の電子顕微鏡学的研究, ことに不可欠脂酸の欠乏が副腎皮質像に及ぼす影響について

京都大学0048新制・課程博士医学博士医博第76号新制||医||25(附属図書館)300京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 青柳 安誠, 教授 荒木 千里, 教授 近藤 鋭矢学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Contribution of Type Ia and Type II Supernovae for Intra-Cluster Medium Enrichment

The origin of the chemical composition of the intracluster medium (ICM) is discussed in this paper. In particular, the contribution from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to the ICM enrichment is shown to exist by adopting the fitting formulas which have been used in the analysis of the solar system abundances. Our analysis means that we can use the frequency of SNe Ia relative to SNe II as the better measure than $M_{Fe, SN Ia}/M_{Fe, total}$ for estimating the contribution of SNe Ia. Moreover, the chemical compositions of ICMs are shown to be similar to that of the solar system abundances. We can also reproduce the sulfur/iron abundance ratio within a factor of 2, which means that the abundance problem of sulfur needs not to be emphasized too strongly. We need more precise observations to conclude whether ICMs really suffer the shortage problem of sulfur or not.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX text and 15 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

Neutron-capture elements in the very metal-poor star HD88609: another st ar with excesses of light neutron-capture elements

We obtained a high resolution, high signal-to-noise UV-blue spectrum of the extremely metal-poor red giant HD88609 to determine the abundances of heavy elements. Nineteen neutron-capture elements are detected in the spectrum. Our analysis revealed that this object has large excesses of light neutron-capture elements while heavy neutron-capture elements are deficient. The abundance pattern shows a continuously decreasing trend, as a function of atomic number, from Sr to Yb, which is quite different from those in stars with excesses of r-process elements. Such an abundance pattern is very similar to that of HD122563 that was studied by our previous work. The results indicate that the abundance pattern found in the two stars could represent the pattern produced by the nucleosynthesis process that provided light neutron-capture elements in the very early Galaxy.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Studies on the relation to plan-making of conception of Hiroshima Peace City construction plan after the winning of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park competition by Kenzo Tange

The price winning proposal by Architect Kenzo Tange (and his associate group) for the Peace Memorial Park competition in Hiroshima in 1949 is well known and extensively documented. Less research exists on the planning of the Peace Memorial Park Design and the Hiroshima City Reconstruction Plan focused on the concept of the Peace City. This paper examines the process of the preparation of the Peace City Construction Plan in Hiroshima between 1949 and 1952. It analyses several planning documents and explores how Kenzo Tange contributed to the plan-making in collaboration with staff from the Hiroshima City office and other members of the business community. It argues that while parts of the plan were already set before Tange’s arrival in Hiroshima, he and his staff had a large impact on select aspects of the plan. Tange proposed his unique planning concept and purpose to Hiroshima City planners and members of the business community and several of his ideas were realized. The analysis of various drafts and plans, points to specific areas where the input of Tange is visible, notably in more idealistic visions, more English wording, and also in the specification of building structures. The paper also highlights the particular impact from planning staff, notably focused on the implementation and funding of the plan. In conclusion, the paper demonstrates the need for a careful analysis of the process from vision to plan and the interaction between external architects and their visions and local planning agencies and their needs and requirements

Dyadic Green's Functions and Guided Surface Waves for a Surface Conductivity Model of Graphene

An exact solution is obtained for the electromagnetic field due to an electric current in the presence of a surface conductivity model of graphene. The graphene is represented by an infinitesimally-thin, local and isotropic two-sided conductivity surface. The field is obtained in terms of dyadic Green's functions represented as Sommerfeld integrals. The solution of plane-wave reflection and transmission is presented, and surface wave propagation along graphene is studied via the poles of the Sommerfeld integrals. For isolated graphene characterized by complex surface conductivity, a proper transverse-electric (TE) surface wave exists if and only if the imaginary part of conductivity is positive (associated with interband conductivity), and a proper transverse-magnetic (TM) surface wave exists when the imaginary part of conductivity is negative (associated with intraband conductivity). By tuning the chemical potential at infrared frequencies, the sign of the imaginary part of conductivity can be varied, allowing for some control over surface wave properties.Comment: 9 figure

Efficacy of Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Neurologically Impaired Patients：Postoperative Quality of Life and Operative Outcomes

Disclosure：The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.Background/Purpose：Fundoplication is often required for managing intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease（GERD） in neurologically impaired patients（NIPs）. This study examines the efficacy of laparoscopic fundoplication for GERD in young and adult NIPs by interviewing caregivers and reviewing medical records to establish both patients and caregivers quality of life（QOL）.Patients and methods：Thirty-one NIPs who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication between April 2000 and December 2009 were enrolled in this study. Their symptoms, QOL, and satisfaction levels after the fundoplication were recorded by reviewing medical records and conducting a questionnaire survey. One pediatric surgeon conducted face-to-face or telephonic interviews with the caregivers.Results：No patients died during the immediate postoperative period；however, five （16.1％） of then died in the late postoperative period because of causes unrelated to the surgery. Of the surviving patients,five（16.1％） had complications, including GERD recurrence requiring further surgical intervention. Visick scores showed that gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms had improved substantially after the fundoplication. Although body weights increased in 23 patients（92.0％）, no statistically significant changes were observed in the z-score for body weights before and after surgery. 92.0％ of the patients and 100％ of the caregivers had QOL improved ；patient satisfaction level was at 88.0％ and caregiver satisfaction level was at 76.0％ .Conclusions：Fundoplication is an effective method for controlling the symptoms of GERD in NIPs and improves the QOL of both NIPs and their caregivers