Features of the Immune Status Against Measles in the Group of Medical Workers and Students of Medical Colleges

The status of community immunity against measles was evaluated in 480 health professionals (HPs) and 619 students of medical colleges in the Republic of Tatarstan. HPs and students were selected at random taking the vaccination status and age into account. The immunity level was assessed by blood serum (plasma) protective antibody (IgG) titers with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three hundred sixty-three (75.63 ± 2.253%) health professionals examined were seropositive to measles virus, and 117 (24.38 ± 3.969%) ones being seronegative. A proportion of medical college students susceptible to measles were 45.07 ± 2.979%. The results obtained suggest that the assessment of community immunity against measles in health professionals and students of medical schools and colleges should be continued and susceptible individuals be vaccinated without age limits

Seroprevalence study results to sars-cov-2 in healthcare workers: Age and professional aspects

Relevance. Age-related and occupational aspects of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers are not well understood. Aims:Conduct a selective study of seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among 348 medical workers of 10 medical organizations in Kazan: seven multidisciplinary hospitals that have been re-profiled to provide medical care to patients with coronavirus infection, an ambulance station, a medical organization that carries out outpatient activities and a specialized clinic. Materials and methods. Among those surveyed on a professional basis, the groups «Doctors», «Nurses», «Junior medical personnel», «Other medical workers» were identified. The age structure of seroprevalence was studied in groups of 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and 60–69 years. For the determination of IgG, a solid-phase ELISA was used. Results. The proportion of medical workers (MR) of various medical organizations in Kazan seropositive for IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is 16.4%. The wide variation in the seroprevalence value of MR groups of different medical organizations (3.3–30.8%) may indicate a different level of effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures in these institutions. The maximum rate was noted in the age groups – 18–29 years (21%) and 60-69 years (18.2%). According to the professional criterion, a comparable level of seroprevalence is shown for the categories «Doctors» and «Nurses» with a wide variation in indicators in professional groups, depending on a particular medical organization. The obtained results indicate the presence among medical workers who have suffered or have an asymptomatic course of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, and confirm the relevance of further serological monitoring in medical organizations of various profiles. The results of serological monitoring, taking into account age and professional aspects, can serve as the basis for adjusting preventive measures on the basis of individual medical organizations, and taking into account the recommendations of Rospotrebnadzor and the selection of contingents for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: For the MR of various medical institutions in Kazan, the seroprevalence for antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is 16.4%; Age aspects affect the level of seroprevalence in MR; The obtained results indicate the presence of persons among MR who have had or have an asymptomatic course of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, and confirm the relevance of further serological monitoring in medical organizations of various profiles

Study of features of humoral immune response to the new coronavirus infection covid-19 among healthcare workers

Relevance. Since the beginning of the epidemic in China, there have been reports of nosocomial cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including among medical workers. Studies of the intensity of humoral immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among medical workers who are much more likely to have professional contact with COVID-19 patients than are of particular importance. The aim is to study the seroprevalence and features of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 among medical workers. Materials and methods. The study included 61 medical workers from a multidisciplinary hospital in Kazan, which was redesigned to provide medical care to patients with new coronavirus infection, using the method of random sampling. The control group consisted of 60 non-medical workers. For the determination of IgG, a solid-phase ELISA was used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using MS Excel software. The error of the relative value (M±m) was calculated, and the 95% confidence interval of the frequency of occurrence. To assess the significance of differences, the Student's test (t-test) was used for independent samples. Results. The proportion of those seropositive to SARS-CoV-2 in the study group was 45.9%, compared with 21.7% in the control group. Among medical workers seropositive to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the proportion of asymptomatic forms was 18.5%, mild forms - 53.6%, moderate forms and severe forms 25%. Two forms of the formation of a humoral immune response among seropositive ones were revealed: the first is characterized by the gradual elimination of specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 after 8 weeks from the onset of the first symptoms of COVID-19, the second form is an increase in specific IgG to SARS-CoV-2 and a higher value of the coefficient level of IgM positivity to SARS-CoV-2 after 8-10 weeks from the onset of the first symptoms. The group of seropositive, “raising antibodies”, prevailed over the group of individuals “eliminating antibodies”. Among seropositive medical workers, two forms of the formation of a humoral immune response were revealed: synchronous with the parallel elimination of IgG and IgM antibodies and a parallel increase in IgG and IgM. Conclusion. The study of the level of humoral immunity to COVID-19 in medical workers is important in terms of planning both anti-epidemic measures and predicting the effectiveness of the response to vaccination to SARS-CoV-2

Virulent Properties of Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Child Carriers in the Republic of Tatarstan

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The paper covers research results evaluating the occurrence of various serotypes of circulating pneumococcal strains in preschool children in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017–2018, the dominance of “vaccine” serotypes and the emergence of new “non-vaccine” strains are shown. It has been shown that 86.5% of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from healthy carrier children have pronounced IgA-protease activity. Serotypes 14, 19F, 7F, 23F, 16F have high protease activity. Discrepancies in protein expression between strains with different levels of IgA protease activity were studied using differential gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometric identification. Study of the protein expression profiles by gel electrophoresis in S. pneumoniae strains with different proteolytic activity resulted in the identification of 5 protein spots which showed a significant difference in expression (at least a 2-fold change between the two phenotypes)

Experience in studying herd and individual immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in medical workers

The aim was to study SARS-CoV-2 immunity among medical workers in Kazan. Materials and methods. Studied were serum samples from 348 medical workers from 10 medical organizations in Kazan, divided into groups according to the level of the alleged risk of infection of employees. To determine IgG, a two-stage direct version of the solid-phase ELISA and the test-system “SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST” (Russia) were used. Results and discussion. At the time of the study and over the previous three months, the examined medical workers had no symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection or respiratory tract infections; there were negative results of examining nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Seroprevalence for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 virus for different medical organizations in Kazan ranged within the scope of 3.3–30.8 % and averaged 16.4 %. The wide variation in seroprevalence values in medical workers of different medical organizations may indicate different levels of intensity of professional contacts and the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures in these medical organizations. Among medical workers with seropositive results, the prevalence of persons with a very high coefficient of positivity (49.1 %) is observed, which characterizes high level of antiviral antibodies. The presence of a high proportion of seropositive individuals among medical workers, who have had an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 confirms the high intensity of the latent epidemic process, which must be taken into account when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination

Morphological substantiation of laparoscopic suturing of stomach ulcer with formation of a covered perforation

Objective. Morphological substantiation of laparoscopic suturing of gastric ulcer with formation of a covered perforation. Material and methods. To analyze morphological tissue reaction in surgical area, we used 12 Chinchilla rabbits. All animals were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals. The main group enrolled rabbits undergoing suturing of perforated gastric ulcer with formation of a covered perforation by anterior stomach wall. In the control group, gastric perforation was sutured by conventional double-row suture. For histological analysis, 2 animals in each group were withdrawn from the experiment after 7, 14 and 21 days. We excised gastric wall within the area of perforation closure. Morphological data on healing process were compared between both groups. Results. Stomach deformation after 7 days was more severe in the main group compared to simple suturing. However, these dif- ferences were absent after 21 days. Morphological analysis revealed postoperative transmural necrosis after 7 days. Signs of early epithelialization were more obvious in the main group. After 21 postoperative days, we observed almost completely restored dif- ferentiation of stomach wall layers in both groups of animals. © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved

Метафизика творческого поиска

Монография «Метафизика научного поиска» является коллективной научной работой, которая посвящена продолжению систематического обобщения, изложения идей и опыта работы членов секции «Теория и методология творчества» Российского Философского общества. Работа может быть полезной для исследователей креативной проблематики, для интересующихся проблемами творчества, для студентов и аспирантов, а также для подготовки курсов и спецкурсов по философии культуры, философии творчества, для всех, кто имеет интерес к рассматриваемой проблематике