Acció comunitària per guanyar salut

La participació comunitària i l'orientació comunitària dels serveis sanitaris i socials són essencials en la resposta col·lectiva enfront de la pandèmia de la COVID-19. Cal treballar de forma coordinada amb les comunitats, donat que és en l'àmbit local on les persones es contagien i on emergeixen les necessitats causades per la crisi sanitària, econòmica i social

Factors related to the development of health-promoting community activities in Spanish primary healthcare: two case-control studies

Atenció Primària de Salut; Salut Comunitària; Promoció de la SalutAtención Primaria de Salud; Salud Comunitaria; Promoción de la SaludPrimary Health Care; Community Health; Health PromotionOBJECTIVE: Spanish primary healthcare teams have the responsibility of performing health-promoting community activities (CAs), although such activities are not widespread. Our aim was to identify the factors related to participation in those activities. DESIGN: Two case-control studies. SETTING: Performed in primary care of five Spanish regions. SUBJECTS: In the first study, cases were teams that performed health-promoting CAs and controls were those that did not. In the second study (on case teams from the first study), cases were professionals who developed these activities and controls were those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Team, professional and community characteristics collected through questionnaires (team managers/professionals) and from secondary sources. RESULTS: The first study examined 203 teams (103 cases, 100 controls). Adjusted factors associated with performing CAs were percentage of nurses (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14), community socioeconomic status (higher vs lower OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.95) and performing undergraduate training (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.93). In the second study, 597 professionals responded (254 cases, 343 controls). Adjusted factors were professional classification (physicians do fewer activities than nurses and social workers do more), training in CAs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1), team support (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7), seniority (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), nursing tutor (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5), motivation (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5), collaboration with non-governmental organisations (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and participation in neighbourhood activities (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Professional personal characteristics, such as social sensitivity, profession, to feel team support or motivation, have influence in performing health-promoting CAs. In contrast to the opinion expressed by many professionals, workload is not related to performance of health-promoting CAs

¿Qué hacemos en el barrio? Descripción de las actividades comunitarias de promoción de la salud en atención primaria: Proyecto frAC

Objetivos: Describir las actividades comunitarias de promoción de la salud realizadas en atención primaria, y comparar los tipos y formas de llevarse a cabo en las distintas comunidades autónomas. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico descriptivo realizado en atención primaria de cinco comunidades autónomas. Se incluyeron actividades comunitarias no puntuales, realizadas en el año previo, con participación del equipo de atención primaria, en las que la comunidad participaba activamente o era una actividad intersectorial. Responsables de 194 equipos respondieron sobre participación en actividades comunitarias. En caso afirmativo, se completaba un cuestionario. Variables: tema abordado, población diana, profesionales implicados, tiempo y ámbito de realización, evaluación, perspectivas teóricas, inscripción en redes, participación de la comunidad y otros agentes, y valoración de estas participaciones. Análisis: descriptivo estratificado por comunidades autónomas. Resultados: Se identificaron 183 actividades comunitarias en 104 equipos. Aunque varían entre las comunidades autónomas, destacan las actividades de salud general, alimentación y salud afectiva-sexual, dirigidas a población general, infancia o progenitores, y desarrolladas en centros educativos o de salud. La mediana de trayectoria es de 4 años y con 2,8 profesionales implicados. El 72,5% se realizan en horario laboral, el 75% son evaluadas y el 70% apoyadas en perspectivas teórico-metodológicas. En el 65% participan sectores no sanitarios, en el 60% la administración y en el 58,5% entidades cívicas. En el 85,8% participaba personal de enfermería, en el 38,5% de medicina y en el 35% de trabajo social. Hay variabilidad entre comunidades autónomas. Discusión: Se aprecia variabilidad entre comunidades autónomas en los tipos y formas de aplicación de las actividades comunitarias realizadas por atención primaria, así como en el reconocimiento institucional y la implicación comunitaria en el desarrollo y la evaluación de la actividad

Factors related to the development of health-promoting community activities in Spanish primary healthcare: two case-control studies

Atenció Primària de Salut; Salut Comunitària; Promoció de la SalutAtención Primaria de Salud; Salud Comunitaria; Promoción de la SaludPrimary Health Care; Community Health; Health PromotionOBJECTIVE: Spanish primary healthcare teams have the responsibility of performing health-promoting community activities (CAs), although such activities are not widespread. Our aim was to identify the factors related to participation in those activities. DESIGN: Two case-control studies. SETTING: Performed in primary care of five Spanish regions. SUBJECTS: In the first study, cases were teams that performed health-promoting CAs and controls were those that did not. In the second study (on case teams from the first study), cases were professionals who developed these activities and controls were those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Team, professional and community characteristics collected through questionnaires (team managers/professionals) and from secondary sources. RESULTS: The first study examined 203 teams (103 cases, 100 controls). Adjusted factors associated with performing CAs were percentage of nurses (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14), community socioeconomic status (higher vs lower OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.95) and performing undergraduate training (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.93). In the second study, 597 professionals responded (254 cases, 343 controls). Adjusted factors were professional classification (physicians do fewer activities than nurses and social workers do more), training in CAs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1), team support (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7), seniority (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), nursing tutor (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5), motivation (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5), collaboration with non-governmental organisations (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and participation in neighbourhood activities (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Professional personal characteristics, such as social sensitivity, profession, to feel team support or motivation, have influence in performing health-promoting CAs. In contrast to the opinion expressed by many professionals, workload is not related to performance of health-promoting CAs