Compensation and speed of advancement in executive careers through the internal and external labor markets by gender

Our study aims at exploring whether internal and external moves have a different impact on the speed of advancement in executive careers, identifying gender differences in the influence of both mobility routes and understanding the impact of speed on compensation inequality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Antineoplásicos orales. Interacciones farmacológicas.

Fac. de FarmaciaTRUEunpu

Influência de diferentes variedades de arroz carolino no seu comportamento em cozedura

Resumo O arroz comercial longo A do tipo carolino tem larga tradição de cultivo em Portugal. Entre as diferentes variedades de arroz tipo carolino cultivadas pelos orizicultores portugueses destaca-se a variedade Ariete. Este trabalho comporta um estudo com oito variedades de arroz carolino, entre as quais se destaca a variedade Ariete Mondego como referência. Pretende-se verificar se entre as variedades estudadas (Euro, Opal, Luna e Ceres provenientes do Mondego e Ariete, Teti e Presto provenientes do Sado) alguma apresenta características semelhantes a esta. Acresce ainda que a variedade Ceres é a primeira variedade portuguesa de arroz carolino inscrita este ano, no catálogo nacional de variedades. Este estudo permitiu verificar a existência de uma correlação negativa entre a humidade do arroz e o seu rendimento industrial (RI). As variedades que se revelaram mais semelhantes ao arroz Ariete Mondego (M01), ao nível dos teores de amilose e dos resultados da análise sensorial, foram as variedades Opal (M03), Ceres (M05) e Presto (S03). De realçar que entre as variedades Ariete do Mondego e Ariete do Sado os resultados foram distintos. No caso do teor de amilose a variedade do Mondego apresentou valores mais elevados, e relativamente à absorção de água (WAI) verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre estas duas amostras. Apesar das variedades em estudo pertencerem todas ao mesmo tipo comercial de arroz, carolino longo A, em que as indicações de cozedura são iguais, no que diz respeito à proporção água:arroz, verificou-se que nem todas as amostras se comportaram da mesma forma. Estas variações são influenciadas pelas características físico-químicas, condições climatéricas e zona geográfica de cultivo. Palavras chave: Arroz (Oryza sativa); Ariete; amilose; textura; análise sensorial; absorção de água. Abstract The commercial rice (long A - carolino type) has great cultivation tradition in Portugal. Nowadays it stills the most produced rice type. This work includes a study with 8 carolino rice varieties (Euro, Opal, Luna and Ceres from Mondego and Ariete, Teti and Presto from Sado) and the main purpose was to verify if the tested varieties present similar characteristics to the Ariete Mondego variety stands as reference. As mentioned, the study also includes the Ceres variety, which is the first Portuguese carolino rice variety to be registered in the national varieties catalogue. The results allowed to verify a negative correlation between the humidity of the rice and the process yield. The varieties that showed similar characteristics to Ariete Mondego (M01) were the Opal (M03), Ceres (M05) and Presto (S03) varieties, with respect to the amylose content and sensorial analysis. It should be noted that differences were found between Ariete from Mondego and Ariete from Sado. They presented different levels of amylose and water absorption. It was found that the amylose content of the variety from Mondego was higher, that is also supported by previous studies. Although, all the studied rice varieties belong to the same commercial type (long A - carolino type) in which the cooking indications (ratio of water:rice) were the same, it was verified that they behave differently. These variations are influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of each variety, the environmental conditions and geographical areas of cultivation, among others. Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa); Ariete; amylose; texture; sensorial analysis; water absorption

Los signos distintivos: implicaciones de una marca colectiva frente a una denominación de origen

This article part of the academic interest on two of the categories of distinctive signs, the collective mark and the appellation of origin. Colombia is a diverse country in many aspects, which influences its artisan products, agri-food products that make them have unique characteristics, which can make them worthy for their qualities of national and international recognition categories with a distinctive sign, such as a collective mark or a Appellation of origin. The first identifies products that respond to previously established use regulations that identify these types of products. The second one tries to protect them, as long as they meet the conditions of geographical and human factors that individualize them. Categories with conceptual differences, legal, social and economic aspects to have in the account when opting for one or other of these distinctive signs. A qualitative methodology was used to analyze these distinctive signs. Both the collective mark and the appellation of origin, identify quality products, which lead to the choice of entrepreneurs, producers and the population in general to promote their products, to conclude that both the collective mark and the appellation of origin are categories that acquire importance due to their social, economic impact and the great beneficiary is the final consumer.Este articulo parte del interés académico sobre dos de las categorías de los signos distintivos, la marca colectiva y la denominación de origen. Colombia es un país diverso en muchos aspectos, lo cual influye en sus productos artesanales, agroalimentarios que los hace tener características únicas, que puede hacerlos merecedores por sus calidades de categorías de reconocimiento nacional e internacional con un signo distintivo, como una marca colectiva o una denominación de origen. La primera identifica  productos  que  responden a unos reglamentos de uso previamente establecidos que entran a identificar este tipo de productos. La segunda, trata de protegerlos, siempre que cumplan con condiciones de factores geográficos y humanos que los individualicen. Categorías con diferencias conceptuales,  aspectos jurídicos, sociales y económicos a tener en la cuenta al momento de optar por una u otra de estos signos distintivos. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa para analizar estos signos distintivos. Tanto la marca colectiva como la denominación de origen, identifican productos de calidad, qué llevan a escoger por parte de los empresarios, productores y población en general la promoción de sus productos,  para concluir que tanto la  marca colectiva como la denominación de origen son categorías que adquieren importancia por su impacto social, económico y el gran beneficiado es el consumidor final

Gene delivery into mouse retinal ganglion cells by in utero electroporation

10 páginas, 5 figuras.[Background] The neural retina is a highly structured tissue of the central nervous system that is formed by seven different cell types that are arranged in layers. Despite much effort, the genetic mechanisms that underlie retinal development are still poorly understood. In recent years, largescale genomic analyses have identified candidate genes that may play a role in retinal neurogenesis, axon guidance and other key processes during the development of the visual system. Thus, new and rapid techniques are now required to carry out high-throughput analyses of all these candidate genes in mammals. Gene delivery techniques have been described to express exogenous proteins in the retina of newborn mice but these approaches do not efficiently introduce genes into the only retinal cell type that transmits visual information to the brain, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).[Results] Here we show that RGCs can be targeted for gene expression by in utero electroporation of the eye of mouse embryos. Accordingly, using this technique we have monitored the morphology of electroporated RGCs expressing reporter genes at different developmental stages, as well as their projection to higher visual targets.[Conclusion] Our method to deliver ectopic genes into mouse embryonic retinas enables us to follow the course of the entire retinofugal pathway by visualizing RGC bodies and axons. Thus, this technique will permit to perform functional studies in vivo focusing on neurogenesis, axon guidance, axon projection patterning or neural connectivity in mammals.This work was supported by grants to E. H. from Human Frontiers Science Program (CDA-0023) and from the Spanish Government (BFU-2004-0058). E.H. is a Ramón y Cajal Investigator from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Peer reviewe

Líquenes como bioindicadores para la evaluación de la contaminación del aire por fuentes móviles

En el presente estudio se evaluó la calidad del aire urbano de los municipios de Dosquebradas y Pereira usando las comunidades de líquenes como bioindicadores, se tomaron tres áreas de estudio de estos dos municipios analizando la diversidad y la composición de las comunidades de líquenes y un área de control que en este caso será la serranía del alto del nudo. En las cuatro zonas donde se realizará el monitoreo se aplicará la metodología para el análisis de datos cuantitativos, más conocido como “cartografía de líquenes a cada forofito seleccionado”. Se trabajará con una rejilla de relevamiento de líquenes, conformada por 10 recuadros (2x5 cuadrados), los recuadros de cada rejilla tendrán un área de 10x10 cm2 aproximadamente entre una altura de 1,50 hasta 2 metros que es donde generalmente se ve más afectadas las personas por la contaminación del aire, este indicador es utilizado para determinar el Índice de Pureza Atmosférica (IPA).In this study the urban air quality of the municipalities of Dosquebradas and Pereira was evaluated using lichen communities as bioindicators, three study areas were taken from these two municipalities analyzing the diversity and composition of lichen communities and a control area which in this case will be the serranía del alto del nudo. In the four areas where the monitoring will be carried out, the methodology for the analysis of quantitative data, better known as "lichen mapping will be applied to each selected phorophyte." A lichen survey grid will be used, made up of 10 squares (2x5 squares), The squares of each grid will have an area of 10x10 cm2 approximately between a height of 1.50 to 2 meters, which is where people are generally more affected by air pollution, this indicator is used to determine the Atmospheric Purity Index (API)

Estudos estruturais e mecanísticos em enzimas multihémicas isoladas de bactérias desnitrificantes

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Bioquímica, especialidade Bioquímica Física pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - programa PRAXIS XX

Actividad antioxidante de las flores de Taraxacum officinale L. \"diente de león\" procedente de Otuzco

En este trabajo, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la capacidad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de pétalos de diente de León (Taraxacum officinale L.). Las muestras estudiadas fueron colectadas en el municipio de Otuzco, región La Libertad, provincia de Otuzco. El espécimen vegetal fue identificado y clasificado en el Herbarium truxillense (HUT). Solo se cosecharon las plantas con flores en buen estado para obtener los pétalos y se secaron en una estufa a 40 °C. Luego se obtuvieron los extractos por reflujo con etanol de 70° GL como menstruo. Se usó el método DPPH desarrollado por Blois en el año 1958 para determinar la capacidad antioxidante y se obtuvo un IC50 de 1.34 para el extracto hidroalcohólico de pétalos de diente de león; y un IC50 de 1.14 para el ácido ascórbico (sustancia de referencia), lo cual confirma que la capacidad antioxidante del extracto en investigación fue inferior a la del ácido ascórbico. Este hecho se confirma al comparar los valores de la capacidad antioxidante relativa (AAR), donde el valor determinado para el extracto fue de 117,54%, considerando como 100% el valor de AAR para el ácido ascórbico.Tesi

The Role of Sphingolipids Metabolism in Cancer Drug Resistance

Acid ceramidase (AC); Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS); ShingolipidsCeramidasa ácida (AC); Glucosilceramida sintasa (GCS); EsfingolípidosCeramidasa àcida (AC); Glucosilceramida sintasa (GCS); EsfingolípidsDrug resistance continues to be one of the major challenges to cure cancer. As research in this field evolves, it has been proposed that numerous bioactive molecules might be involved in the resistance of cancer cells to certain chemotherapeutics. One well-known group of lipids that play a major role in drug resistance are the sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are essential components of the lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane and this structural function is important for apoptosis and/or cell proliferation. Dysregulation of sphingolipids, including ceramide, sphingomyelin or sphingosine 1-phosphate, has been linked to drug resistance in different types of cancer, including breast, melanoma or colon cancer. Sphingolipid metabolism is complex, involving several lipid catabolism with the participation of key enzymes such as glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1). With an overview of the latest available data on this topic and its implications in cancer therapy, this review focuses on the main enzymes implicated in sphingolipids metabolism and their intermediate metabolites involved in cancer drug resistance.We thank Teresa Moline and Rosa Somoza from the VHIR. This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; PI20/00556 and CP03/00101 [ML]) and CIBERONC (ML). This work was also co-financed by the European Regional Fund (ERDF) and AECC (Spanish Association of Cancer Research) (Founding Ref. GC16173720CARR [ML]). YG-M, CM, and AS-G were supported by the VHIR, iP-FIS (ISCIII) and VHIR fellowships, respectively

Validation of the parental feeding style questionnaire in a portuguese sample

Portugal is among the European countries with higher rates of overweight children, and parental feeding practices may affect children weight and eating patterns. A community sample of 252 Portuguese parents was used to study the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire. (i.e., structural, convergent and discriminant validity, external and criterion validity, as well as reliability and sensitivity). Regarding construct validity, the measurement model supported a five-factor structure (Emotional, Instrumental, Encouragement, Permissiveness, and Control) with an acceptable fit; Item 24 was excluded since it showed a very low factor weight and was not significantly associated with its subscale (λ=0.274; p=0.065); also, this item’s explained variance was below the recommended (r2=0.018). Discriminant validity was verified in eight of the ten paired factors. Only the emotional eating subscale had a good value of VME (convergent validity; VME = .62). External validity was confirmed, as was internal consistency, where four of the five subscales, with the exception of the emotional eating subscale, had good Cronbach's alphas (.67 <α <.88). The Portuguese sample reported the predominant use of permissiveness and control practices, similar to that reported by previous studies. The Portuguese Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire appears valid and reliable for assessing Portuguese parents feeding styles and can be used in further studies. The existence of culturally adapted and validated instruments is fundamental for an accurate understanding of parental practices, in order to develop strategies to manage children’s dietary intake and prevent health-related problems, subsequent to overweight.Portugal é um dos países europeus com elevada prevalência de excesso de peso infantil, com implicações na saúde e bem-estar das crianças. As práticas alimentares parentais, como controlo, promoção/encorajamento, alimentação emocional e instrumental têm demonstrado influência no peso e nos padrões alimentares das crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire. Uma amostra comunitária de 252 pais portugueses foi utilizada para estudar o constructo do instrumento (i.e., validade estrutural, convergente e discriminante), validade externa e de critério, bem como confiabilidade e sensibilidade. Os resultados suportam uma estrutura de 5 fatores (Emocional, Instrumental, Encorajamento, Permissividade e Controlo); o item 24 foi excluído (λ=0,274; p=0,065; r2=0,018) e os itens do Controlo foram distribuídos em duas subescalas. A validade discriminante foi verificada em oito dos dez pares de fatores; apenas a subescala de alimentação emocional apresentou um bom valor de VME (validade convergente; VME=0,62). A validade externa foi confirmada, assim como a consistência interna, onde quatro das cinco subescalas, com exceção da subescala de alimentação emocional, apresentaram bons alfas de Cronbach (0,67<α<0,88). A amostra portuguesa reportou o uso predominante de práticas de permissividade e controlo, similarmente ao reportado pelos estudos anteriores. O Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire evidencia ser válido para avaliar os estilos alimentares de pais portugueses semelhantes aos desta amostra. A existência de instrumentos culturalmente adaptados e validados é indispensável para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para gerir a ingestão alimentar das crianças e a prevenção de problemas relacionados com a saúde.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio