The boundary of hyperbolicity for Henon-like families

We consider C^{2} Henon-like families of diffeomorphisms of R^{2} and study the boundary of the region of parameter values for which the nonwandering set is uniformly hyperbolic. Assuming sufficient dissipativity, we show that the loss of hyperbolicity is caused by a first homoclinic or heteroclinic tangency and that uniform hyperbolicity estimates hold uniformly in the parameter up to this bifurcation parameter and even, to some extent, at the bifurcation parameter.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures. Several minor revisions, additional figures, clarifications of some argument

La función socializadora del deporte en los programas electorales de los partidos políticos en España: elecciones genérales 2011

The objective of this work was to identify the manner in which the educational dimension of sport was dealt with in the election discourses of the manifestos of the political parties that stood candidates in the 2011 general elections in Spain. The theoretical perspective of this study is based on the concept that sports has integration and socialisation functions (García, Puig, Lagardera & Vilanova, 2017). A content analysis was used to examine the discourses in the manifestos. The study population comprised the 56 election manifestos of the parties that stood candidates, of these, 27 (48.2%) included some reference about the educational values of the sport. Data was processed using the SPSS 20 statistical package and the NVIVO 10 software. The political parties presented sport as an educational strategy for imparting positive values such as integral development, tolerance, etc. The ideas reflect a lack of ideological pluralism: concepts were generic and homogenous and there was a complete absence of specific educational measures aimed at fostering the social values of participation in sports activities. In conclusion, the sport is utilized as a mechanism of social control and normalization. This is possible because the social imaginary that sees sport as an excellent transmitter of social values. This work would advise political parties to include specify proposals and the intervention program on the promotion of sport in their manifestos as a means to stimulate the genuine improvement of social values.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar cómo fue mostrada la dimensión educativa del deporte en el discurso electoral de los programas de los partidos políticos que presentaron candidatura a las elecciones generales del 2011 en España. La perspectiva teórica del estudio parte de que el sistema deportivo tiene una función integradora y socializadora (García, Puig, Lagardera & Vilanova, 2017). Se utilizó el análisis de contenido para examinar el discurso de estos textos. Se utilizó el software NVIVO 10 y el SPSS 20. La población de estudio fue el conjunto de programas electorales de los partidos políticos que presentaron candidatura a las elecciones generales. La muestra fue de 56 programas electorales, de los cuales, 14 (25%) incluyeron alguna referencia sobre los valores educativos del deporte. Los partidos políticos presentaron al deporte en sus discursos de los programas electorales como una estrategia para la educación en valores positivos, tales como el desarrollo integral, la tolerancia, el afán de superación, la perseverancia, etc. Las ideas propuestas por los programas electorales reflejaron una falta de pluralidad ideológica, ya que fueron todas genéricas y homogéneas, prescindiendo de medidas educativas concretas para potenciar los valores sociales de la práctica deportiva. En conclusión, el deporte es utilizado como un mecanismo de control y normalización social. Esto es posible porque el imaginario social establece que el deporte es un excelente transmisor de valores sociales. Se recomienda la inclusión de propuestas educativas concretas de promoción deportiva por parte de los partidos políticos en sus programas electorales para desarrollar los valores sociales.Fundación Universitaria San Antonio | Ref. PMAFI/07/1

The representation of disability in physical education textbooks in Spain

The objective was to identify the main characteristics of the way that people with disabilities are represented in secondary physical education textbooks. The study was empirical and descriptive. The sample comprised 6.773 photographs. The methodology employed was a content analysis using an ad hoc observational instrument which was scientifically validated through a pilot study, a consultation with experts and an inter-coding test. Univariate and bivariate analysis were carried out; statistical calculations utilised SPSS 20.0. Results showed that the representation of people with disabilities in physical education textbooks is very limited, both in terms of frequency and diversity. Some positive changes were noted with regards to similar, previously published research. There are signs of a move away from an elite sports model towards a more varied representation that includes artistic motor expression, physical fitness training and physical activities in natural environments which do not necessarily take place in the traditional educational environment.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. PRE/2011/24

Editorial: physiological, molecular and genetic perspectives of chilling tolerance in horticultural crops

Horticultural crops have high economic, and enrich our lives through their aesthetic and nutritional value. Many horticultural species originate from tropical regions and are sensitive to cold at every stage of their lifecycle. Cold stress leads to lower productivity and post-harvest losses in these species, with poor economic and environmental outcomes. Better understanding of the protective mechanisms mediated by hormonal and other signaling pathways (Akhtar et al., 2012) may offer solutions to reduce cold-stress induced losses. The papers included in this collection illustrate this concept, examining natural cold-tolerance mechanisms and practical ways for growers to alleviate chilling stress and to reduce crop losses. The studies were remarkably diverse in terms of the species studied (i.e., tomato, longan, tung tree, lowbush blueberry, and apple), plant organs examined (i.e., seedlings, leaf, and fruit), and approaches used (i.e., reverse genetics, the systems biology, physiology, and biochemistry). The papers encompassed the use of (1) basic science, aimed at identifying key genes and their roles in cold signal transduction and protective pathways in fruit and photosynthetic tissues; (2) reverse genetics for proof-of-concept on the hypothesized role of a cold-tolerance transcription factor cloned from an understudied species; and (3) emerging technologies, by using exogenous hormones and signaling compounds to mitigate the harmful effects of chilling. These studies are described belowFil: Lara, Isabel. Universidad de Lleida; EspañaFil: Drincovich, Maria Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Beckles, Diane M.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Cao, Shifeng. Zhejiang Wanli University; Chin

Editorial: Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives of Chilling Tolerance in Horticultural Crops

Horticultural crops have high economic, and enrich our lives through their aesthetic and nutritional value. Many horticultural species originate from tropical regions and are sensitive to cold at every stage of their lifecycle. Cold stress leads to lower productivity and post-harvest losses in these species, with poor economic and environmental outcomes. Better understanding of the protective mechanisms mediated by hormonal and other signaling pathways (Akhtar et al., 2012) may offer solutions to reduce cold-stress induced losses. The papers included in this collection illustrate this concept, examining natural cold-tolerance mechanisms and practical ways for growers to alleviate chilling stress and to reduce crop losses. The studies were remarkably diverse in terms of the species studied (i.e., tomato, longan, tung tree, lowbush blueberry, and apple), plant organs examined (i.e., seedlings, leaf, and fruit), and approaches used (i.e., reverse genetics, the systems biology, physiology, and biochemistry). The papers encompassed the use of (1) basic science, aimed at identifying key genes and their roles in cold signal transduction and protective pathways in fruit and photosynthetic tissues; (2) reverse genetics for proof-of-concept on the hypothesized role of a cold-tolerance transcription factor cloned from an understudied species; and (3) emerging technologies, by using exogenous hormones and signaling compounds to mitigate the harmful effects of chilling. These studies are described below.Current work at IL's lab was funded by grant AGL2015-64235-R from the Plan Nacional de I+D, Ministry of Education and Science, Spain. DB acknowledges funding from the US-Israeli Binational Agricultural Research Development Grant no. #IS-5196-19. Fund and the AES Hatch Project CA-D-PLS-2404-H. Work at MD's lab was funded by National Research Council and National Agency for the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Activities from Argentina

Editorial: physiological, molecular and genetic perspectives of chilling tolerance in horticultural crops, volume II

For crops of tropical and subtropical origin, exposure to low temperatures often causes chilling injury symptoms, which can range from altered appearance (such as surface pitting and discoloration) to severe physiological disorders and impaired metabolism. To cope with suboptimal temperatures in the surrounding environment, crops have evolved complex mechanisms, which entail stress signal perception and transduction, activation of stress-responsive genes, and the synthesis of stressrelated molecules. Plant breeding programs have been instrumental in obtaining chilling-tolerant cultivars in a number of horticultural crops. More recently, the incorporation of molecular and omics-based techniques into conventional breeding procedures has vastly improved breeding strategies by enhancing the efficacy of screening for chilling tolerance-associated traits. Moreover, these new tools will boost knowledge of chilling responses and tolerance mechanisms, and the discovery of related pathways and genes. As a part of the 'Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives of Chilling Tolerance in Horticultural Crops' series (Lara et al., 2020), this Research Topic was launched with the aim of offering an overview of recent developments in this area. The papers in this collection explored the mechanisms involved in chilling tolerance in a number of plant species, including commercially important fruit crops such as pepper, tomato, banana and peach/nectarine, a medicinal plant (Tetrastigma hemsleyanum) and Arabidopsis. In addition to helping to reveal the mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance, these findings provide the basis for future breeding programs, and offer clues for the alleviation of stress symptoms.Current work at IL’s lab is funded by grant 2017 SGR 1108 (Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain). DB acknowledges funding from the US-Israeli Binational Agricultural Research Development Fund and the AES Hatch Project CA-D-PLS-2404-H. Work at MD’s lab is funded by National Research Council and National Agency for the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Activities from Argentina

Invariant manifolds and equilibrium states for non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes

In this paper we consider horseshoes containing an orbit of homoclinic tangency accumulated by periodic points. We prove a version of the Invariant Manifolds Theorem, construct finite Markov partitions and use them to prove the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states associated to H\"older continuous potentials.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figure

Optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-galactosidase production and application in the degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides

[Abstract] Background: α-Galactosidases are enzymes that act on galactosides present in many vegetables, mainly legumes and cereals, have growing importance with respect to our diet. For this reason, the use of their catalytic activity is of great interest in numerous biotechnological applications, especially those in the food industry directed to the degradation of oligosaccharides derived from raffinose. The aim of this work has been to optimize the recombinant production and further characterization of α-galactosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results: The MEL1 gene coding for the α-galactosidase of S. cerevisiae (ScAGal) was cloned and expressed in the S. cerevisiae strain BJ3505. Different constructions were designed to obtain the degree of purification necessary for enzymatic characterization and to improve the productive process of the enzyme. ScAGal has greater specificity for the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside than for natural substrates, followed by the natural glycosides, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose; it only acts on locust bean gum after prior treatment with β-mannosidase. Furthermore, this enzyme strongly resists proteases, and shows remarkable activation in their presence. Hydrolysis of galactose bonds linked to terminal non-reducing mannose residues of synthetic galactomannan-oligosaccharides confirms that ScAGal belongs to the first group of α-galactosidases, according to substrate specificity. Optimization of culture conditions by the statistical model of Response Surface helped to improve the productivity by up to tenfold when the concentration of the carbon source and the aeration of the culture medium was increased, and up to 20 times to extend the cultivation time to 216 h. Conclusions: ScAGal characteristics and improvement in productivity that have been achieved contribute in making ScAGal a good candidate for application in the elimination of raffinose family oligosaccharides found in many products of the food industry.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016–01