Supporting young children and families : an investment strategy that pays

Increasingly, research has demonstrated that investing in high-quality services for young children and their parents produces significant returns, both to individuals and to the larger economy.Public policy

Getting Ahead or Losing Ground: Economic Mobility in America

Combines earlier research to present a comprehensive analysis of relative mobility, absolute mobility, and changes in income inequality. Focuses on intergenerational mobility, immigrants, comparisons by gender and race, and the role of education

Kids' Share 2010: Report on Federal Expenditures on Children

Examines 1960-2009 trends in federal spending and tax expenditures on children, including food stamps, tax credits, and Head Start. Analyzes the effects of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding, projected funding through 2020, and implications

How Targeted Are Federal Expenditures on Children? A Kids' Share Analysis of Expenditures by Income in 2009

Analyzes the distribution of government spending on children by family income; category, such as health, social services, and education; and program, such as Medicaid; and the extent to which it is targeted to low-income children. Considers implications

Examining the predictive validity of the Duolingo English Test: Evidence from a major UK university

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the university admissions and proficiency testing landscape. One change has been the meteoric rise in use of the fully automated Duolingo English Test (DET) for university entrance purposes, offering test-takers a cheaper, shorter, accessible alternative. This rapid response study is the first to investigate the predictive value of DET test scores in relation to university students’ academic attainment, taking into account students’ degree level, academic discipline, and nationality. We also compared DET test-takers’ academic performance with that of students admitted using traditional proficiency tests. Credit-weighted first-year academic grades of 1881 DET test-takers (1389 postgraduate, 492 undergraduate) enrolled at a large, research-intensive London university in Autumn 2020 were positively associated with DET Overall scores for postgraduate students (adj. r = .195) but not undergraduate students (adj. r = −.112). This result was mirrored in correlational patterns for students admitted through IELTS (n = 2651) and TOEFL iBT (n = 436), contributing to criterion-related validity evidence. Students admitted with DET enjoyed lower academic success than the IELTS and TOEFL iBT test-takers, although sample characteristics may have shaped this finding. We discuss implications for establishing cut scores and harnessing test-takers’ academic language development through pre-sessional and in-sessional support

Disease activity and cognition in rheumatoid arthritis : an open label pilot study

Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre. Funding for this study was provided by Abbott Laboratories. Abbott Laboratories were not involved in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; or in the writing of the report.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Public Investment in Children's Early and Elementary Years (Birth to Age 11)

Compares federal and state/local per-capita spending; funding areas such as health, education, and income support; and degree of targeting and means testing for different age groups. Discusses policy implications and the need to invest in early childhood

Kids' Share: An Analysis of Federal Expenditures on Children Through 2008

Examines 2008 data and historic trends in federal spending and tax expenditures on children -- such as food stamps, tax credits, and Head Start -- compared with other priorities and within the children's share. Assesses projections through 2019

Federal Expenditures on Elementary-Age Children in 2008 (Ages 6 through 11)

Examines 2008 federal expenditures on elementary-age children, where funds are spent, and how; estimates 2009-12 expenditures; and outlines policy issues affecting this age group, including the importance of high-quality education and obesity prevention

Federal Expenditures on Pre-Kindergarteners and Kindergarteners in 2008 (Ages 3 through 5)

Examines 2008 federal, state, and local expenditures on benefits for children ages 3 to 5. Outlines the importance of high-quality care, education, and social services during pre-K and kindergarten years to developmental, economic, and health outcomes