Pengukuran Kesetimbangan Uap Cair (VLE) Sistem Biner Etanol (1) + Eugenol (2) pada Tekanan 400 dan 760 mmHg

Eugenol adalah komponen utama minyak cengkeh, dengan impuritis utama eugenol adalah β-caryophyllene. Eeugenol murni dengan kemurnian lebih dari 98% memiliki harga lebih tinggi daripada eugenol kemurnian rendah. Dengan demikian, diperlukan proses pemurnian eugenol lebih lanjut. Proses pemurnian umum adalah ekstraksi dan distilasi. Dalam desain dan simulasi proses distilasi memerlukan pengetahuan tentang data kesetimbangan uap-cair (VLE) dari komponen campuran yang memisahkan (eugenol dan etanol) sebagai hasil dari proses ekstraksi. Dalam pekerjaan ini, kesetimbangan uap cair percobaan ( VLE) data diukur untuk campuran biner etanol (1) + eugenol (2) pada tekanan vakum 400 mmHg dan tekanan atmosfer 760 mmHg. Peralatan yang digunakan untuk eksperimen ini adalah ebulliometer jenis othmer still yang dilengkapi dengan pompa vakum dan manometer. Percobaan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data kesetimbangan (T), konsentrasi komponen dalam fase cair (x), dan konsentrasi komponen dalam fase uap (y). Data VLE biner dikorelasi dengan model Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC untuk mendapatkan parameter binernya. Keandalan model-model ini diuji dengan membandingkan dengan hasil eksperimen menggunakan root mean square deviation (RMSD). Untuk sistem biner etanol (1) + eugenol (2) pada tekanan 760 mmHg, hasil korelasi dengan model Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC menghasilkan RMSD T dan y1 masing-masing sebesar 4,962, 0,017, 5,969, 0,017 serta 6,7361, 0,967.dan pada tekanan 400 mmHg diperoleh RMSD T, dan y1 untuk Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC berturut turut adalah 9.271 0.020, 9,675 0,020 dan 11,388 0,296. Berdasarkan nilai RMSD, yang didapat, model Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC dapat dengan baik merepresentasikan data kesetimbangan dan memberikan hasil yang memuaskan untuk sistem tersebut. ================================================================================================================== Eugenol is the main component of clove oil, while the main impuritis of eugenol is β-caryophyllene. Pure Eeugeno with purity higher than 98% has higher price than low purity eugenol, Thus, further eugenol purification process is needed. The common process of purification is extraction and distillation. In the design and simulation of the distillation process requires the knowledge of vapor-liquid equilibrium data (VLE) of the mixtures component that separated (eugenol and ethanol) as the result of extraction process.. In this work, the experimental Vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) data were measured for binary mixtures of ethanol(1) + eugenol(2) at vacuum pressure 400 mmHg and athmospheric pressure 760 mmHg. The apparatus used for this experiment is an othmer still-type ebulliometer equipped with a vacuum pump and manometer. The experiments were performed to obtain equilibrium data (T), component concentration in liquid phase (x), and component concentration in vapor phase (y). The binary VLE data were correlated with the Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC models to obtain the model parameters. The reliability of these models were tested by compared with experimental result using root mean square deviation (RMSD). For the binary system of ethanol (1) + eugenol (2) at 760 mmHg, the Values of RMSD T and y1 for Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC models were 4,962, 0.017, 5,969, 0.017 and 6.7361, 0.967, respectively. And at 400 mmHg pressures the values of RMSD T, and y1 for Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC were 9,271 0.020, 9.675 0.020 and 11.388 0.296, respectively. Based on the RMSD, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC models suited well and give satisfactory result for the system

Agglomeration Decrement from Nanocellulose Synthesis by adding PVA Capping Agent

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil productions in the world. In 2017, Indonesia was responsible for almost 50% of global palm oil production. The abundant availability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) has become a potential resource to be further utilized in derivative products such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The demand for nanocellulose material from extracted cellulose fibers is increasing. In this study, nanocellulose synthesis was carried out in several stages namely hydrolysis (H2SO4 64% (v/v) at 45oC for 45 minutes), delignification (NaOH 17,5% (w/v) at 80oC for 30 minutes), and bleaching (H2O2 10% (v/v) at 60oC for 15 minutes). Then, nanocellulose was subjected to ultrasonication. It was proved that nanocellulose with 50.487 nm diameters resulted from ultrasonication 50% amplitude. Moreover, adding 5%-w PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) as capping agent obtained 36.635 nm average diameter of nanocellulose. It showed nanocellulose synthesis successfully lowering agglomeration and maintaining diameter size of nano size

Kesetimbangan cair-cair sistem quartener eugenol + b-caryophyllene + 1-propanol + air pada temperatur 303.15, 313.15, dan 323.15K

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data kesetimbangan cair-cair sistem quaterner eugenol + β-caryophyllene + 1-propanol + air pada temperatur 303,15; 313,15; dan 323,15 K. Data kesetimbangan diperoleh dengan mengaduk campuran komponen murni tersebut selama 4 jam sehingga menjadi homogen. Campuran kemudian didiamkan selama 20 jam agar kondisi kesetimbangan tercapai. Setelah itu, sampel dari kedua fase cair yang terbentuk dianalisis komposisinya menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC) untuk mendapatkan komposisi masing-masing komponen pada tiap-tiap fase. Data eksperimen yang diperoleh kemudian dikorelasikan menggunakan model UNIQUAC dan NRTL dan kemudian membandingkan hasil korelasi dengan eksperimen. Kesesuaian hasil korelasi dengan hasil eksperimen didasarkan nilai root mean square deviation (RMSD). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, persamaan model UNIQUAC memberikan nilai RMSD yang lebih kecil dari persamaan NRTL. RMSD dari model UNIQUAC sebesar 0.417% sedangkan dari NRTL sebesar 0.502%. ================================================================================================= Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of quaternary system eugenol + β-caryophyllene + 1-propanol + water were measured at temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K at atmospheric pressure. Equilibrium mixtures of eugenol + β-caryophyllene + 1-propanol + water were stirred intensely in a water jacket thermostat equilibrium cell at constant temperatures. The system was stirred for 4 hours and settled at least 20 hours to ensure that the equilibrium was reached. The sample mixtures were analyzed by a gas chromatograph to obtain the compositions of each component. All the measured data were correlated using NRTL and UNIQUAC model. The experimental results were compared with values correlated by NRTL and UNIQUAC model based on root mean square deviation (RMSD). Based on RMSD, UNIQUAC model gave smaller RMSD compared to NRTL. The RMSD of UNIQUAC and NRTL model was 0.417% and 0.502%

Reducing Sugar Production by Cellulose Immobilized Enzyme from the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Brunch (OPEFB) Treated by Organosolv Pretreatment

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is lignocellulosic that consists of 13.20-25.31% lignin, 42.70-65.00% cellulose, and 17.10-33.50% hemicellulose. Cellulose can be used as a material for a new renewable energy source in the term of reducing sugar through a combination of organosolv pretreatment and hydrolysis process using immobilized enzymes. Organosolv pretreatment was used for lignin degradation, by using ethanol as solvent, which are environmentally friendly and easy to recover, with a concentration S/L 10%(w/w), in 160°C for 90-150 min. The following process is to produce crude enzyme from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride. The resulting crude enzyme cellulase activity of 0.774 U/mL. Then, the crude enzyme is immobilized by Chitosan-GDA. OPEFB hydrolysis process with immobilized cellulase was carried out for 5, 7 and 9 days at 37°C. The best result of lignin degradation reaches out 56.68% lignin removal at 160°C for 150 min, while the hydrolysis of cellulose gives the highest yield, 47.59%, in the 9 days processing time

Liquid-liquid Equilibria for Quaternary System of Eugenol (1) + β-Caryophyllene (2) + 1-Propanol (3) + Water (4) at Temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K

In this work, the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for quaternary mixtures of eugenol(1) + β–caryophyllene(2) + 1-propanol(3) + water(4) at temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium data ware determined by using an equilibrium cell with temperature controlled. Quantitive analysis was performed by using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with thermal conductivity detector and capillary column Rtx-5. The experimental data were then correlated by using the NRTL and the UNIQUAC models. The reliability of these models were tested by compared with the experimental results using a root mean square deviation (RMSD). Based on the RMSD, the NRTL and the UNIQUAC models suited really well and give satisfactory result for the system of eugenol, β–caryophyllene, 1-propanol, and water with the average RMSD of the UNIQUAC and the NRTL models were 0.417% and 0.502%, respectively. Furthermore there was no significant effect of temperatures on the equilibrium composition for the system

Aplikasi Ujian Online di SMA Tahfidz Darul Ulum Banyuanyar

ABSTRAK Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi khususnya teknologi informasi yang begitu pesat, maka dunia pendidikanpun dituntut untuk agar lebih maju. Disinilah informasi memegang peran penting, karena informasi dibutuhkan oleh semua pihak baik individu organisasi maupun perusahaan. Setiap informasi yang didapat berguna untuk mengambil keputusan yang tepat, karana teknologi informasi termasuk salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengolah data, memanipulasi data dalam berbagai cara untuk menghasilkan informasi yang berkualitas.Kehadiran teknologi sekarang sudah sangat luas. Dengan menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi saat ini kita dapat mempermudah pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan. Kita dapat mencari dan mengakses semua informasi yang kita butuhkan serta kita dapat memperluas jaringan komunikasi menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi komputer kita dapat menyimpan, mengorganisasikan dan melakukan pengambilan terhadap berbagai data yang kita miliki dengan dukungan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Tuntutan informasi yang lebih cepat menjadi aspek penting bagi organisasi untuk menuju ke arah yang lebih baik, permasalahan yang ada di tempat penelitian penulis adalah dalam kegiatan ujian onlane di SMA Tahfidz Darul Ulum Banyuanyar ini masih hanya bisa menggunakan soal ujian pilihan ganda saja, dari itu penulis berinisiatif mau menambahkan dengan soal ujian uraian dan soal ujian lainnya. Kata Kunci: sekolah , learning , WEB

Liquid-liquid Equilibria for Quaternary System of Eugenol (1) + β-Caryophyllene (2) + 1-Propanol (3) + Water (4) at Temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K

In this work, the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for quaternary mixtures of eugenol(1) + β–caryophyllene(2) + 1-propanol(3) + water(4) at temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium data ware determined by using an equilibrium cell with temperature controlled. Quantitive analysis was performed by using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with thermal conductivity detector and capillary column Rtx-5. The experimental data were then correlated by using the NRTL and the UNIQUAC models. The reliability of these models were tested by compared with the experimental results using a root mean square deviation (RMSD). Based on the RMSD, the NRTL and the UNIQUAC models suited really well and give satisfactory result for the system of eugenol, β–caryophyllene, 1-propanol, and water with the average RMSD of the UNIQUAC and the NRTL models were 0.417% and 0.502%, respectively. Furthermore there was no significant effect of temperatures on the equilibrium composition for the system

Liquid-liquid Equilibria for Quaternary System of Eugenol (1) + β-Caryophyllene (2) + 1-Propanol (3) + Water (4) at Temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K

In this work, the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for quaternary mixtures of eugenol(1) + β–caryophyllene(2) + 1-propanol(3) + water(4) at temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium data ware determined by using an equilibrium cell with temperature controlled. Quantitive analysis was performed by using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with thermal conductivity detector and capillary column Rtx-5. The experimental data were then correlated by using the NRTL and the UNIQUAC models. The reliability of these models were tested by compared with the experimental results using a root mean square deviation (RMSD). Based on the RMSD, the NRTL and the UNIQUAC models suited really well and give satisfactory result for the system of eugenol, β–caryophyllene, 1-propanol, and water with the average RMSD of the UNIQUAC and the NRTL models were 0.417% and 0.502%, respectively. Furthermore there was no significant effect of temperatures on the equilibrium composition for the system