An improved external recycle reactor for determining gas-solid reaction kinetics

These improvements in the recycle system effectively eliminate initial concentration variation by two modifications: (1) a vacuum line connection to the recycle loop which permits this loop to be evacuated and then filled with the test gas mixture to slightly above atmospheric pressure; and (2) a bypass line across the reactor which permits the reactor to be held under vacuum while the rest of the recycle loop is filled with test gas. A three-step procedure for bringing the feed gas mixture into contact with the catalyst at time zero is described

Process for making a noble metal on tin oxide catalyst

A quantity of reagent grade tin metal or compound, chloride-free, and high-surface-area silica spheres are placed in deionized water, followed by deaerating the mixture by boiling and adding an oxidizing agent, such as nitric acid. The nitric acid oxidizes the tin to metastannic acid which coats the spheres because the acid is absorbed on the substrate. The metastannic acid becomes tin oxide upon drying and calcining. The tin-oxide coated silica spheres are then placed in water and boiled. A chloride-free precious metal compound in aqueous solution is then added to the mixture containing the spheres, and the precious metal compound is reduced to a precious metal by use of a suitable reducing agent such as formic acid. Very beneficial results were obtained using the precious metal compound tetraammine platinum(II) hydroxide

The Politics of Strange Fruit: Examining the Intersectionality of Race, Microaggressions, and Resiliency for African American Male Students in a Public High School Setting

Examining the intersectionality of race, microaggressions, and resiliency among African American male students and how these experiences impact their lives in a high school setting can produce understandings that could lead to interventions for greater academic success. Research is clear there is a consistent decline in the academic achievement for African American males. Additionally, there has been an increase of African American males dropping out of high schools and entering the perils of a justice system that swings towards an imbalance of hopelessness and the predictability of a shortened lifespan. Analyzing structures and practices through a multi-lens approach of Critical Race Theory, Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory, and Racial Identity Theory can be strategic methods in addressing and changing teacher-student relationships, institutional racism, white privilege and power, oppositional cultural attitudes and stereotypes, and racial prejudice. This study was comprised of four focus groups from four high schools and 25 African American male students. An analysis of the data revealed the following themes: microaggressions, racialized stereotypes, racial identity struggle, feelings of being unheard, unseen, invisible and a 2nd class citizen; and resiliency, power, and coping. The findings from the study identified the perception of racial microaggressions among African American male students and used previous research to intersect their experiences with racial identity, feelings of power, strength, and resiliency in a high school setting. The focus group sessions created space to listen to the students’ stories and understand their perceptions while allowing them to “name their own reality” about their school experiences. Listening to student voice, referencing and positively teaching about a student’s background and culture is key to the academic success for African American males. Positive cross-race interactions provide increased opportunities for classmates to connect, thus reducing feelings of alienation, invisibility, and hopelessness. All the participants in this study exhibited a strong awareness of racialized stereotypes, microaggressions, racialized messages, and racism in their school culture and context. The study also demonstrated how African American male students develop adaptive coping strategies to manage these experiences and navigate towards academic attainment, a positive racial identity, racial socialization, and resiliency. Specifically, Gender Relevant Pedagogy and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy can be applied to all teachers working with males of Color who are disengaged and underperforming in school, and an emphasis in ethnic studies with student affinity groups

Control mechanisms of mammalian pepsinogen secretion

The objective of this thesis was to delineate aspects of the control mechanisms of mammalian pepsinogen secretion. In order to accomplish this goal, a comprehensive study was undertaken which would establish an historical perspective of the subject, validate appropriate methodology and then seek to answer specific questions regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of pepsinogen secretion. More specifically, the objectives of this thesis were: 1. To review the historical background of the subject of pepsinogen in the context of the physiology of digestion with specific emphasis on the work and lives of the two major initial proponents of pepsinogen research (Schwann and Langley). 2. To provide a contemporary overview and evaluation of the current status of pepsinogen pathophysiology. 3. To modify and adapt experimental models necessary for the study of pepsinogen and acid secretion in mammalian gastric mucosa and cells. 4. To establish and validate a pepsinogen assay sensitive and reproducible enough for use in mammalian mucosa! and cellular secretory systems. 5. To delineate the fundamental (second messenger) control mechanisms (cyclic AMP and calcium calmodulin) of pepsinogen secretion in the isolated gastric gland model. 6. To define whether the process of pepsinogen secretion is independent of acid secretion in intact mucosa! preparations. 7. To identify different classes of pharmacological agents which would inhibit pepsinogen secretion and/or release. 8. To identify whether conditions present in critically ill patients liable to mucosal "stress ulceration" might influence the release of pepsinogen

State Law versus a Federal Common Law of Torts

The Statute, Its Scope and Basic Standard Section 421(k) of the Federal Tort Claims Act excludes from its coverage any claim arising in a foreign country. \u27 The Foreign Claims Act which was passed by the 77th Congress and amended by the 78th Congress has specific application to foreign countries, including places located therein which are under the temporary or permanent jurisdiction of the United States. Court test of the territorial scope of the Federal Tort Claims Act arose in a series of cases decided in 1948, culminating in United States v. Spelar, where the issue of possible foreign coverage was definitely ruled out. As a result of the foregoing cases, conflict of laws problems involving the domestic law of foreign nations do notarise in the administration of the statute. Of course, Alaska, the Canal Zone, the Virgin Islands, Territory of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and all island possessions of the United States fall within the coverage of the statute

Practical Benefits for the Accused - A Case Comparison of the U.S. Civilian and Military Systems of Justice

On 2 June 1969, a majority of the Supreme Court of the United States in O\u27Callahan v. Parker decided that, in order to preserve to military personnel the benefits of indictment by grand jury and a trial by a jury of his peers, U. S. Courts-Martial did not have jurisdiction of off-post, non-service connected offenses. There is no doubt that a majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court felt that this decision was essential to preserve these important civil rights for accused servicemen. There is equally no doubt that, as a result of this decision, great numbers of servicemen who would have otherwise been tried by courts-martial, will be tried in a variety of state and federal courts. This decision, therefore, makes timely and urgent a consideration of the practical benefits to an accused of trial in the military and civilian systems. Such a comparison is difficult because the civilian system is not unitary. Rules of evidence and procedure vary between the states, between state and federal practice, and in the latter, between various federal circuits. No attempt can or will be made here to set forth any civilian rule as representing the totality of civilian practice. Rather, the civilian rules cited are merely given as examples of the systems to which servicemen are being increasingly subjected as a result of the decision in the O\u27Callahan case. To avoid accusation that the civilian rules cited are examples of archaic, obsolete procedures, most of the civilian authorities cited have been deliberately taken from decisions rendered since the date of the Supreme Court\u27s decision. Conversely, in order to avoid an allegation that the military might have reformed its rules because of the impact of O\u27Callahan v. Parker, most of the military authorities cited ante-date that decision. In a few instances, examples have been taken from military cases and authorities which have come since O\u27Callahan but in no case do these examples represent a change in the rules as they existed at the time of the Court\u27s decision. In no case has a military rule been cited which has since been changed adversely to an accused person

The Effect of pH on Intensities of Histological Staining of Picric Acid, Acid Fuchsin, as Ordinates and Coordinates

This 20 page thesis seeks to establish an optimum staining reaction for picric acid, acid fuchsin, and establish the best combination of these

Crossing the race divide : interracial sex in antebellum Savannah

This article explores the social significance of inter-racial sexual contact in an antebellum Southern city. How did inter-racial sex challenge the established social hierarchy in Savannah? Was it a controversial issue, viewed as a threat to the social order, or was it accepted as an inevitable evil resulting from a mixed population residing in close proximity

CHARACTERIZATION OF NUCLEAR MATRIX ALTERATIONS INVOLVED IN BLADDER CANCER PROGRESSION

Bladder cancer, one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers, is a significant source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. According to the American Cancer Society (2005), approximately 63,210 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States and bladder cancer will account for nearly 13,180 deaths. The current standard for detection of bladder cancer relies on cystoscopy, an invasive procedure, and cytology. Cytology has a high specificity, but lacks sensitivity in detection of low-grade tumors, as well as requires a trained pathologist for review. Because current diagnostic tools are less than optimal and because bladder cancer has a high rate of recurrence and long term monitoring is a necessity, a better diagnostic tool is needed. There is now a great interest in researching urine markers for bladder cancer. Our lab previously identified six nuclear structural proteins (BLCA 1-6) that are specifically expressed in bladder cancer tissue. The nuclear matrix is the support scaffold of the cell nucleus. This structure has a variety of functions, many of which have implications in cancer progression.The purpose of this dissertation is to examine changes in nuclear structural proteins. The hypothesis we propose is that changes in structural elements of the nucleus are involved in the progression of bladder cancer and can be developed into markers of this disease. Specifically this study had three goals. 1) to determine if BLCA-1 could be developed into a biomarker of bladder cancer, 2) to clone the gene encoding BLCA-1, and 3) to examine functional aspects of BLCA-4. A urine-based immunoassay was developed that can detect BLCA-1 in patients with bladder cancer with a specificity of 87% and sensitivity of 80%. Furthermore, this protein can be detected in serum of individuals with bladder cancer and may associate with the stage of disease. We also demonstrated that BLCA-4 can confer a growth advantage to cells over-expressing this protein. Over-expression of BLCA-4 led to many gene expression changes. BLCA-4 may play a role in bladder cancer pathobiology by altering genes that enhance proliferation and invasion, maintain blood flow for tumor cell survival, or enhance angiogenesis. Finally, we have been successful in cloning part of the cDNA that encodes for BLCA-1 and it appears to have a close homology to a novel metastasis related gene.In summary, this project has demonstrated that bladder cancer specific nuclear matrix proteins can be developed into markers of the disease and may play a functional role in bladder cancer pathobiology