Including autapomorphies is important for paleontological tip-dating with clocklike data, but not with non-clock data

Tip-dating, where fossils are included as dated terminal taxa in Bayesian dating inference, is an increasingly popular method. Data for these studies often come from morphological character matrices originally developed for non-dated, and usually parsimony, analyses. In parsimony, only shared derived characters (synapomorphies) provide grouping information, so many character matrices have an ascertainment bias: they omit autapomorphies (unique derived character states), which are considered uninformative. There has been no study of the effect of this ascertainment bias in tip-dating, but autapomorphies can be informative in model-based inference. We expected that excluding autapomorphies would shorten the morphological branchlengths of terminal branches, and thus bias downwards the time branchlengths inferred in tip-dating. We tested for this effect using a matrix for Carboniferous-Permian eureptiles where all autapomorphies had been deliberately coded. Surprisingly, date estimates are virtually unchanged when autapomorphies are excluded, although we find large changes in morphological rate estimates and small effects on topological and dating confidence. We hypothesized that the puzzling lack of effect on dating was caused by the non-clock nature of the eureptile data. We confirm this explanation by simulating strict clock and non-clock datasets, showing that autapomorphy exclusion biases dating only for the clocklike case. A theoretical solution to ascertainment bias is computing the ascertainment bias correction (Mkparsinf), but we explore this correction in detail, and show that it is computationally impractical for typical datasets with many character states and taxa. Therefore we recommend that palaeontologists collect autapomorphies whenever possible when assembling character matrices.Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA): DE150101773. National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS). Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation. US Department of Homeland Security. US Department of Agriculture through NSF: EFJ0832858, DBI-1300426. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NESCent. The University of Utah

Numerical approximation of statistical solutions of scalar conservation laws

We propose efficient numerical algorithms for approximating statistical solutions of scalar conservation laws. The proposed algorithms combine finite volume spatio-temporal approximations with Monte Carlo and multi-level Monte Carlo discretizations of the probability space. Both sets of methods are proved to converge to the entropy statistical solution. We also prove that there is a considerable gain in efficiency resulting from the multi-level Monte Carlo method over the standard Monte Carlo method. Numerical experiments illustrating the ability of both methods to accurately compute multi-point statistical quantities of interest are also presented

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de calidad en la IPS Hospice Cuidados SAS, basado en la Norma Técnica Colombiana ISO 9001:2008

Administración de EmpresasThe general intention of this investigation is to design a system of management of the quality that bases on the requirements of the ISO norm 9001: 2008, for the IPS Hospice Cuidados SAS. Sustained in the theoretical expositions of. Hernández (2010), Rodríguez (2010), visible congress (2010), Vargas (2004), Deming (1989), Palella (2010), Martínez (2008), Ferryman (2007), Crosby (1961), Reyes (2010), Kotter (2000), Spedding (1979), Koontz (2007), Koontz (2004), between others for the variables of management of the quality and administrative processes. It is a descriptive, documentary investigation and of field with transverse design. The compilation of information fulfilled in a list of checkup based on the ISO norm 9001: 2008 which corresponds to an analysis of the current situation of the company where the processes and current procedures are identified, allowing to know the principal non-conformities, this way to realize a plan of constant improvement for the company. The information was gathered by means of a list of checkup of agreement to the ISO norm 9001: 2008, the quantity was tabulated of it expires, does not expire and expires partially of every numeral of the norm throwing the percentages of fulfillment and I do not complete of the same one. Then I develop the documentation according to the requirements of the ISO norm 9001:2008 and one proceeds to the production of the manual of the quality, normative procedures, hoping that these it facilitates a future implementation of the SGC designed for the company.El propósito general de esta investigación fue diseñar un sistema de gestión de la calidad que se basa en los requisitos de la norma ISO 9001: 2008, para la IPS Hospice Cuidados SAS. Sustentada en los planteamientos teóricos de. Hernández (2010), Rodríguez (2010), Congreso Visible (2010), Vargas (2004), Deming (1989), Palella (2010), Martínez (2008), Barquero (2007), Crosby (1961), Reyes (2010), Kotter (2000), Spedding (1979), Koontz (2007), Koontz (2004), entre otros para las variables de gestión de la calidad y procesos administrativos. Es una investigación descriptiva, documental y de campo con diseño transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó en una lista de verificación basada en la norma ISO 9001: 2008 el cual corresponde a un análisis de la situación actual de la empresa en donde se identifican los procesos y procedimientos actuales, permitiendo conocer las principales no conformidades, para así realizar un plan de mejora continua para la empresa. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante una lista de verificación de acuerdo a la norma ISO 9001: 2008, se tabularon la cantidad de cumple, no cumple y cumple parcialmente de cada numeral de la norma arrojando los porcentajes de cumplimiento y no cumplimento de la misma. Luego se desarrolló la documentación según los requisitos de la norma ISO 9001:2008 y se procedió a la elaboración del manual de la calidad, procedimientos normativos, esperando que estos facilite una futura implementación del SGC diseñado para la empresa

PERSEPSI PELANGGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM SURYA SEMBADA SURABAYA ( Study Deskriptif Kuantitatif Persepsi Pelanggan Terhadap Pelayanan Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Surya Sembada Surabaya)

ABSTRAKS RAYYAN IRMIS SAPUTRI, PERSEPSI PELANGGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM SURYA SEMBADA SURABAYA (studi deskriptif kuantitatif persepsi pelanggan terhadap pelayanan perusahaan daerah air minum surya sembada Surabaya) Tujuan penulis melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi pelanggan terhadap pelayanan PDAM Surabaya.Persepsi adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan seseorang untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai sesutau melalui pemilihan, pengolahan dan pengaartian informasi tentang sesuatu tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif.Sedangkan penarikan sample dari penelitian ini menggunakan accidental sampling dengan pertimbangan sebagai publik eksternal dan memiliki hubungan dan kepentingan dengan PDAM.Dari pembahasan yang dilakukan peneliti maka hasil temuan dan analisis data yang dilengkapi dengan penyajian data terangkum dalam bentuk tabel – tabel frekuensi .Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan memberikan prespsi yang positif terhadap pelayanan PDAM yang menangani pelanggan dengan professional untuk memeuaskan konsumennya. ABSTRACT RAYYAN IRMIS SAPUTRI,CUSTOMER PERCEPTION OF PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM SURYA SEMBADA SURABAYA SERVICE (QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDYOF PERCEPTION OF PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM SURYA SEMBADA SURABAYA SERVICE) Purpose the authors performed this research is to determine customer perceptions of service PDAM Surabaya.perception is a process carried out by someone to obtain a picture of something through the selection, processing and comprehension of information about such things. Methods used in this study is a quantitative research method . While the withdrawal of samples from this study using accidental sampling with consideration as external public and have relationships and interests with PDAM. Diconducted by researchers from the findings and analysis of data that comes with the presentation of the data summarized in the frequencies tables. Conclusions in this study is to give customers a positive perception of PDAM that handles customer service with a professional to satisfy customers

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de calidad en la IPS Hospice Cuidados SAS, basado en la Norma Técnica Colombiana ISO 9001:2008

Administración de EmpresasThe general intention of this investigation is to design a system of management of the quality that bases on the requirements of the ISO norm 9001: 2008, for the IPS Hospice Cuidados SAS. Sustained in the theoretical expositions of. Hernández (2010), Rodríguez (2010), visible congress (2010), Vargas (2004), Deming (1989), Palella (2010), Martínez (2008), Ferryman (2007), Crosby (1961), Reyes (2010), Kotter (2000), Spedding (1979), Koontz (2007), Koontz (2004), between others for the variables of management of the quality and administrative processes. It is a descriptive, documentary investigation and of field with transverse design. The compilation of information fulfilled in a list of checkup based on the ISO norm 9001: 2008 which corresponds to an analysis of the current situation of the company where the processes and current procedures are identified, allowing to know the principal non-conformities, this way to realize a plan of constant improvement for the company. The information was gathered by means of a list of checkup of agreement to the ISO norm 9001: 2008, the quantity was tabulated of it expires, does not expire and expires partially of every numeral of the norm throwing the percentages of fulfillment and I do not complete of the same one. Then I develop the documentation according to the requirements of the ISO norm 9001:2008 and one proceeds to the production of the manual of the quality, normative procedures, hoping that these it facilitates a future implementation of the SGC designed for the company.El propósito general de esta investigación fue diseñar un sistema de gestión de la calidad que se basa en los requisitos de la norma ISO 9001: 2008, para la IPS Hospice Cuidados SAS. Sustentada en los planteamientos teóricos de. Hernández (2010), Rodríguez (2010), Congreso Visible (2010), Vargas (2004), Deming (1989), Palella (2010), Martínez (2008), Barquero (2007), Crosby (1961), Reyes (2010), Kotter (2000), Spedding (1979), Koontz (2007), Koontz (2004), entre otros para las variables de gestión de la calidad y procesos administrativos. Es una investigación descriptiva, documental y de campo con diseño transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó en una lista de verificación basada en la norma ISO 9001: 2008 el cual corresponde a un análisis de la situación actual de la empresa en donde se identifican los procesos y procedimientos actuales, permitiendo conocer las principales no conformidades, para así realizar un plan de mejora continua para la empresa. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante una lista de verificación de acuerdo a la norma ISO 9001: 2008, se tabularon la cantidad de cumple, no cumple y cumple parcialmente de cada numeral de la norma arrojando los porcentajes de cumplimiento y no cumplimento de la misma. Luego se desarrolló la documentación según los requisitos de la norma ISO 9001:2008 y se procedió a la elaboración del manual de la calidad, procedimientos normativos, esperando que estos facilite una futura implementación del SGC diseñado para la empresa

A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA

A partial ankylosaurid skeleton from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah is recognized as a new taxon, Akainacephalus johnsoni, gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon documents the first record of an associated ankylosaurid skull and postcranial skeleton from the Kaiparowits Formation. Preserved material includes a complete skull, much of the vertebral column, including a complete tail club, a nearly complete synsacrum, several fore- and hind limb elements, and a suite of postcranial osteoderms, making Akainacephalus johnsoni the most complete ankylosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of southern Laramidia. Arrangement and morphology of cranial ornamentation in Akainacephalus johnsoni is strikingly similar to Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis and some Asian ankylosaurids (e.g., Saichania chulsanensis, Pinacosaurus grangeri, and Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani); the cranium is densely ornamented with symmetrically arranged and distinctly raised ossified caputegulae which are predominantly distributed across the dorsal and dorsolateral regions of the nasals, frontals, and orbitals. Cranial caputegulae display smooth surface textures with minor pitting and possess a distinct conical to pyramidal morphology which terminates in a sharp apex. Character analysis suggests a close phylogenetic relationship with N. kirtlandensis, M. ramachandrani, Tarchia teresae, and S. chulsanensis, rather than with Late Cretaceous northern Laramidian ankylosaurids (e.g., Euoplocephalus tutus, Anodontosaurus lambei, and Ankylosaurus magniventris). These new data are consistent with evidence for distinct northern and southern biogeographic provinces in Laramidia during the late Campanian. The addition of this new ankylosaurid taxon from southern Utah enhances our understanding of ankylosaurid diversity and evolutionary relationships. Potential implications for the geographical distribution of Late Cretaceous ankylosaurid dinosaurs throughout the Western Interior suggest multiple time-transgressive biogeographic dispersal events from Asia into Laramidia

The paleoclimatic context for South American Triassic vertebrate evolution

The Triassic Period was the setting for the origin and early diversification of Mesozoic ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction. The study of the Triassic is essential to understand the evolution of non-marine Mesozoic ecosystems, particularly the vertebrate components and their climatic context. During this time, the configuration of the supercontinent Pangea, which was unique (e.g., the only time since the origin of life that a global supercontinent spread across the equator) in the earth's paleobiogeographic history, is one of the factors that characterized the period. This paleogeographic configuration combined with a high global sea level and no polar ice caps would have had an extraordinary effect on the global climate. Multiple sudden climate events occurred during this time, such as large igneous province (LIP) eruptions, including two that had a major part to play in the major mass extinctions that bracket the Triassic Period. Against this backdrop, a number of modern vertebrate clades originated on land, including lissamphibians, lepidosaurs, turtles, dinosaurs, and mammaliaforms. To test the link between climatic and evolutionary events, we compiled paleoclimatic data from Argentinian, Brazilian, Bolivian, and Chilean Triassic non-marine vertebrate-bearing strata to discuss observed paleoclimatic changes and their influence on vertebrate evolution in South America during this time. Fluctuating climate conditions dominated the western Gondwana Triassic, with arid to semiarid conditions during Early Triassic with marked humid seasonal fluctuation in the continental interior, the seasonal semiarid condition of the Middle Triassic shows more humid seasonality than Early Triassic, and the Late Triassic was dominated by seasonal sub-humid conditions with one or more semi-arid intervals, particularly in the continental interior. Comparisons of the Triassic South American vertebrate fossil record and this paleoclimate record show striking patterns; however, better geochronologic control, paleoclimate proxy records, and sample fossil-bearing strata are necessary to understand these trends.Fil: Mancuso, Adriana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Horn, Bruno Ludovico Dihl. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Benavente, Cecilia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Schultz, Cesar Leandro. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Irmis, Randall Benjamin. University of Utah; Estados Unidos. Natural History Museum of Utah; Estados Unido

The Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP): 100 Million Years of Earth System History

Lasting over 100 million years, the early Mesozoic (252 to 145 Ma) is punctuated by two of the five major mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic (Permo-Triassic and Triassic-Jurassic) plus several smaller extinction events. It witnessed the evolutionary appearance of the modem terrestrial biota including frogs, salamanders, turtles, lizards, crocodilians, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals, and spans a time of dramatic climate changes on the continents. What is arguably the richest record of these events lies in the vast (- 2.5 million km2) complex of epicontinental basins in the western part of Pangea, now largely preserved on the Colorado Plateau (Fig.l). Since the mid-19th century, classic studies of these basins, their strata, and their fossils have made this succession instrumental in framing our context of the early Mesozoic Earth system as reflected in the international literature. Despite this long and distinguished history of study of the Colorado Plateau region, striking ambiguities in temporal resolution, major uncertainties in global correlations, and significant doubts about paleolatitudinal position hamper incorporation of the huge amount of information from the region into-tests of major competing climatic, biotic, and tectonic hypotheses and a fundamental understanding of Earth system processes

Empirical evidence for stability of the 405-kiloyear Jupiter-Venus eccentricity cycle over hundreds of millions of years

The Newark–Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity timescale (APTS) was developed using a theoretically constant 405-kiloyear eccentricity cycle linked to gravitational interactions with Jupiter–Venus as a tuning target and provides a major timing calibration for about 30 million years of Late Triassic and earliest Jurassic time. While the 405-ky cycle is both unimodal and the most metronomic of the major orbital cycles thought to pace Earth’s climate in numerical solutions, there has been little empirical confirmation of that behavior, especially back before the limits of orbital solutions at about 50 million years before present. Moreover, the APTS is anchored only at its younger end by U–Pb zircon dates at 201.6 million years before present and could even be missing a number of 405-ky cycles. To test the validity of the dangling APTS and orbital periodicities, we recovered a diagnostic magnetic polarity sequence in the volcaniclastic-bearing Chinle Formation in a scientific drill core from Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona) that provides an unambiguous correlation to the APTS. New high precision U–Pb detrital zircon dates from the core are indistinguishable from ages predicted by the APTS back to 215 million years before present. The agreement shows that the APTS is continuous and supports a stable 405-kiloyear cycle well beyond theoretical solutions. The validated Newark–Hartford APTS can be used as a robust framework to help differentiate provinciality from global temporal patterns in the ecological rise of early dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, amongst other problems

Magnetochronology of the Entire Chinle Formation (Norian Age) in a Scientific Drill Core From Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA) and Implications for Regional and Global Correlations in the Late Triassic

Building on an earlier study that confirmed the stability of the 405‐kyr eccentricity climate cycle and the timing of the Newark‐Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity time scale back to 215 Ma, we extend the magnetochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation to its basal unconformity in scientific drill core PFNP‐1A from Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA). The 335‐m‐thick Chinle section is imprinted with paleomagnetic polarity zones PF1r to PF10n, which we correlate to chrons E17r to E9n (~209 to 224 Ma) of the Newark‐Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity time scale. A sediment accumulation rate of ~34 m/Myr can be extended down to ~270 m, close to the base of the Sonsela Member and the base of magnetozone PF5n, which we correlate to chron E14n that onsets at 216.16 Ma. Magnetozones PF5r to PF10n in the underlying 65‐m‐thick section of the mudstone‐dominated Blue Mesa and Mesa Redondo members plausibly correlate to chrons E13r to E9n, indicating a sediment accumulation rate of only ~10 m/Myr. Published high‐precision U‐Pb detrital zircon dates from the lower Chinle tend to be several million years older than the magnetochronological age model. The source of this discrepancy is unclear but may be due to sporadic introduction of juvenile zircons that get recycled. The new magnetochronological constraint on the base of the Sonsela Member brings the apparent timing of the included Adamanian‐ Revueltian land vertebrate faunal zone boundary and the Zone II to Zone III palynofloral transition closer to the temporal range of the ~215 Ma Manicouagan impact structure in Canada