Pola Distribusi dan Kerapatan Pandanus sarasinorum Warb., Pandan Endemik Sulawesi di Hutan Pegunungan sekitar Danau Kalimpa’a Taman Nasional Lore Lindu

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pola Distribusi dan Kerapatan Pandanus sarasinorum Warb., pandan endemik Sulawesi di hutan pegunungan sekitar danau Kalimpa’a Taman Nasional Lore Lindu” yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2018. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi dan kerapatan Pandanus sarasinorum Warb. di hutan pegunungan sekitar danau Kalimpa’a Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan 7 buah transek yang berukuran 50 x10 m beserta plot kecil 10 x10 m di dalamnya. Hasilnya menunjukan pola distribusi Pandanus sarasinorum Warb. adalah pola mengelompok. Kerapatan tertinggi untuk tingkat dewasa, terdapat pada transek kelima dengan nilai kerapatan 340 dan kerapatan relatif 25,37%, sedangkan kerapatan terendah terdapat pada transek ketujuh dengan nilai kerapatan 100 dan kerapatan relatif 7,47%. Kerapatan tertinggi untuk tingkat anakan, terdapat pada transek keempat dengan nilai kerapatan 60 dan kerapatan relatif 37,5%, sedangkan kerapatan terendah terdapat pada transek ketiga dengan nilai kerapatan 20 dan kerapatan relatif 12,5%

The role of response modalities in cognitive task representations

The execution of a task necessitates the use of a specific response modality. We examined the role of different response modalities by using a task-switching paradigm. In Experiment 1, subjects switched between two numerical judgments, whereas response modality (vocal vs. manual vs. foot responses) was manipulated between groups. We found judgment-shift costs in each group, that is irrespective of the response modality. In Experiment 2, subjects switched between response modalities (vocal vs. manual, vocal vs. foot, or manual vs. foot). We observed response-modality shift costs that were comparable in all groups. In sum, the experiments suggest that the response modality (combination) does not affect switching per se. Yet, modality-shift costs occur when subjects switch between response modalities. Thus, we suppose that modality-shift costs are not due to a purely motor-related mechanisms but rather emerge from a general switching process. Consequently, the response modality has to be considered as a cognitive component in models of task switching