Correlation of Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions with Enhanced Computer Usage and Prescription of Management Strategies, In Computer Users of Afro Asian Institute, Lahore (Pakistan)

OBJECTIVE: To nail down the frequency of musculoskeletal problem’s in computer users and Recommend treatment/management options to the papulation with MSK problems. STUDY DESIGN: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION: This study was performed from April 2019 to November 2019 at Afro Asian institute. Lahore (Pakistan). METHODOLOGY: One hundred subjects (54 males and 46 females) who were using computers were studied from Afro Asian institute Lahore. We used a questionnaire for collecting data about MSK status of individuals, data was statistically analyzed using SPSS. We used Chi-square test for evaluation of data. Moreover, Physiotherapy Management (Postural education, stretching of tightened structures, strengthening of weakened structures, heating modalities and periodic AROM exercises) and medical management (NSAIDS, muscle relaxant, analgesics) was prescribed for improvements, according to the severity and grading of MSK problems. RESULTS: The frequency of MSK dysfunctions was 52.60% in those who had been using computers for less than or equal to 2 hrs, 68.15% for 2-4 hrs computer users,81.45% for subjects with computer using of 4-6 hrs, and 93.72% in subjects who were using computer for more than 6 hours, respectively. The frequency of MSK problems (cervicalgia, LBP, shoulder pain, and elbow pain and pain in carpels) was classified according to a scale of pain ranging from grade I to grade V. Keywords: Musculoskeletal Problems, Management Strategies, Postural Education DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-08 Publication date: February 29th 202

Socio-medical and Demographic Hindering Blockades in Implementation of Expanded Program on Immunization among Mothers Working in Brick Kilns: a Study of District Vehari, Pakistan

The present research was designed to determine the socio-medical and demographic hindering blockades in the implementation of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) among mothers working in brick kilns of district Vehari, Pakistan. A mixed methodology was used to find out the viewpoints of mothers working in brick kilns (N=105) and nearby village dwellers (N=23) about the study phenomenon. The results of the survey method divulged that younger age, low education level, nuclear family structure, and low familial monthly income were the major demographic hindering blockades in implementation of EPI program among the respondents. Additionally, the participants also mentioned that non-awareness (n=81), lack of accessibility (n=94), inadequate information about vaccinators (n=72), extensive working conditions of mothers during pregnancy (n=99), non-accessibility of mothers during EPI coverage (n=74), deprivation of zero OPV and BCG dosage after birth (N=61, N=70 respectively) and native believe of mothers that EPI is non-effective and disease-oriented (n=69) were the major socio-medical hindering blockades in implementation of EPI among the targeted mothers. During Informal Discussions (IDs), the village dwellers reported that illiteracy, language barriers, and cultural myths were the major obstructing undercurrents in the implementation of EPI program in the study milieu. Regular training and awareness programs along with enhancing the technical knowledge, communication skills, and behavioral conduct of vaccinators were the major recommendations that can improve the implementation of EPI program among brick kiln workers of study locale

COVID-19 and humoral immune response in convalescent plasma donors in Pakistani cohort.

Current COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire globe. While there was no vaccine neither any specific treatment, investigational use of convalescent plasma has been explored in clinical trials. A prospective multicenter study of convalescent plasma was conducted. Donors were tested for total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) and RT-PCR for COVID-19. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect semi-quantitative and quantitative IgG anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies. IgG Immunofluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was used to recheck seronegative donors. A total of 400 donors were enrolled. Twelve donors were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR. Nine of 12 donors had developed SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, while in 3 donors antibodies were not developed. A total of 70 donors (17.5%) were deferred due to seronegative status; 64 (16%) of them did not develop antibodies when plasma collection was planned. The IgG semiquantitative ELISA was positive in 282 and quantitative in 284 of 330 donors with a mean value of >1:160 and 44.10±39.22 IU/ml respectively. A total of 116 (29%) donors did not show IgG humoral response to COVID-19 even 28 days from the onset of illness. Subsequently, LFIA method was able to detect IgG antibodies in 20 of 48 (41.6%) seronegative donors and in 20 of 34 (58.8%) ECLIA positive ELISA negative donors. Viral RNA detection in recovered asymptomatic patients with concomitant IgG antibodies indicates recovery. Inability to detect antibodies by different testing kits may be due to their different antigenic targets or sensitivity. Significance of a positive COVID-19 RT-PCR in asymptomatic recovered patients is yet to be determined