Additional file 1: Table S1. of Patterns of motor signs in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 at the start of follow-up in a reference unit

Definition of severity levels of polyneuropathy. (DOCX 45 kb

Relationships of the four most important gait parameters to predict age in HSP according to random forest model.

<p>Age is shown in the x-axis and each gait parameter in the y-axis. We represent healthy and HSP children data (blue and red points) and the adjusted linear mixed model for each group (blue and red lines). In the case of cadence (upper right), age and cadence are similarly related in both groups. In the case of normalized walking speed (upper left), the decrease of normalized walking speed with age tends to be higher in children with HSP, although it is not statistically significant (see text). Range of pelvic rotation in terminal swing (lower left) increases only with age in children with HSP, while it seems to remain stable in healthy subjects along the age spectrum. Maximum knee flexion (lower right) decreases with age both in HSP children and healthy children, but in the case of disabled children, it seems to decrease significantly faster.</p

<i>Heatmap</i> showing the Z-scores (standardized measure of the distance to healthy average value) of the 12 most important gait parameters to classify cycles into gait patterns according to random forest models.

<p>Cycles are represented in columns and ordered following the dendrogram shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192345#pone.0192345.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. Gait parameters are shown in rows and ordered according to the relationships between relationships with each other (dendrogram on the left). The Z-scores are represented following the colour legend in the top left corner.</p

Violin plots of the four most important gait parameters to distinguish between patients with GMFCS I and GMFCS II-III according to random forest model.

<p>The vertical axis represents the value of the gait parameters studied. The shape of the violin plot depends on the distribution of the values of the gait parameters in each group. Grey violin plots show data distribution from healthy children, the green ones data distribution from children with HSP and GMFCS I and the red ones distribution from children with HSP and GMFCS II-III. In each violin plot, the white point represents the median value of each group; the vertical black line represents the range.</p

Spatiotemporal parameters that were extracted from each gait cycle.

<p>Spatiotemporal parameters that were extracted from each gait cycle.</p

Violin plots of the six most important gait parameters to distinguish between patients with normal and abnormal EMG.

<p>The vertical axis represents the value of the gait parameters studied. The shape of the violin plot depends on the distribution of the values of the gait parameters in each group. Grey violin plots show data distribution from healthy children, the green ones data distribution from children with HSP and normal EMG and the red ones distribution from children with HSP and abnormal EMG. In each violin plot, the white point represents the median value of each group; the vertical black line represents the range.</p

Distribution of sagittal patterns in left and right cycles and clinical features of each patient.

<p>Patients were ordered according to the type of gait patterns they use (left) and clinical features were represented with colour scales (right). Notice that clinical features are partially related to the gait phenotype.</p

Goodness of fit of random forests used for the prediction of clinical features based on gait parameters.

<p>Goodness of fit of random forests used for the prediction of clinical features based on gait parameters.</p

Importance of gait parameters for the random forest model to distinguish between cycles from HSP sagittal Pattern I and healthy controls.

<p>It is measured by Breiman-Cutler permutation variable importance (VIMP). <i>Stance time</i> and <i>time to peak knee flexion in stance</i> are the most important parameters to distinguish patients with sagittal Pattern I from healthy controls.</p

Cumulated kinematic plots of five joints grouped according to seven sagittal patterns yielded by dendrogram in Fig 1.

<p>Each column represents a pattern and each row, a joint. The x-axis of each graph corresponds to the percentage of gait cycle. The y-axis represents the joint range in degrees (zero is the neutral position, positive values indicate flexion and negative values, extension). The healthy children’s cycles are depicted in grey lines, their average healthy patterns in black, and the overall healthy average is shown with a thick black line. Patterns I and II (red and blue, respectively) are the most similar to normal. The outlier (pink) corresponds to an “outlier” cycle.</p