6 research outputs found
Efekti biopesticida Kingbo na odrasle ženke Tetranychus urticae Koch
Toxic and sublethal effects of the biopesticide Kingbo (oxymatrine 0.2% + psoralen
0.4%) on female adults of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) were investigated
in two laboratory bioassays. The assays were set up in four replicates on bean
leaf discs (30 mm in diameter) placed on moistened cotton wads in Petri dishes. Preovipositional
females were then released on them and treated directly with the biopesticide
at a concentration series using a Potter device (2 ml liquid, 100 kPa air pressure, 2.7 ±
0.2 mg/cm2 aqueous deposit). Each replicate included 4-7 Petri dishes containing a total
of 20-35 females. In the first assay, females were exposed to continuous acaricidal activity
on treated discs over a period of 96 h; in the second assay, they were exposed for 24 h
and then transferred to untreated discs and kept there for the next 72 h. Kingbo toxicity to
females, expressed as LC50, was significantly higher in the first bioassay (14.83 μl/l) than in
the second one (26.39 μl/l). Total gross fecundity of females in the first assay was reduced
by 37-95% and net fecundity by 48-97%, depending on concentration; in the second assay,
the respective fecundity reductions were 15-87% and 23-91%. We found that a 24 h exposure
to the biopesticide Kingbo was sufficient for sustaining significant toxic and sublethal
effects. Further research should provide additional data on the recovery potential of T. urticae
populations.Toksični i subletalni efekti biopesticida Kingbo (oksimatrin 0,2% + psoralen 0,4%) na
odrasle ženke obične paučinaste grinje (Tetranychus urticae Koch) ispitivani su u dva laboratorijska
ogleda. Ogledi su izvedeni u četiri ponavljanja na kružnim lisnim isečcima primarnih
listova pasulja (prečnika 30 mm) postavljenim u petri-sudove na navlaženu vatu, na kojima
su pre-ovipozicione ženke direktno tretirane serijom koncentracija biopesticida pomoću
Poter-aparata (2 ml tečnosti, pritisak 100 kPa, vlažni depozit 2,7 ± 0.2 mg/cm2). Tretirano je
4-7 petri-sudova sa 20-35 ženki po ponavljanju. U prvom ogledu ženke su bile 96 h kontinuirano
izložene delovanju akaricida na tretiranim isečcima, dok su u drugom ogledu posle
24 h prebačene na netretirane isečke, gde su ostale naredna 72 h. Na nivou LC50, utvrđena
je značajno veća toksičnost biopesticida Kingbo za ženke u prvom ogledu (14.83 μl/l) u poređenju
sa ženkama u drugom ogledu (26.39 μl/l). Ukupan bruto-fekunditet ženki u prvom
ogledu redukovan je za 37-95%, a neto-fekunditet za 48-97%, u zavisnosti od koncentracije;
u drugom ogledu odgovarajuća redukcija fekunditeta iznosila je 15-87% i 23-91%. Konstatovano
je da je 24-časovna ekspozicija biopesticidu Kingbo dovoljna za nastajanje značajnih
toksičnih i subletalnih efekata, kao i da su potrebna dalja istraživanja u cilju preciznije
procene potencijala oporavka populacije T. urticae
Životni parametri i rast populacije bele leptiraste vaši (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) na različitim genotipovima paradajza
The effects of five tomato genotypes (cv. Narvik and hybrids NS-6, Tamaris, Alliance and
Marko) on the survival, reproduction, development and population growth of the greenhouse
whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum were examined. A laboratory population of T.
vaporariorum had been reared on tobacco plants for three years before the study. Females
that laid eggs on the genotype Marko lived significantly longer and their offspring needed
significantly shorter periods to develop than females on the genotype Narvik. The highest
gross and net fecundity rates were found in females on the genotype Marko (36.74 eggs/
female and 27.93 eggs/female, respectively) and they differed significantly from the corresponding
rates of females living on the genotype NS-6 (18.55 eggs/female and 15.33 eggs/
female), who had the lowest fecundity rates. The highest gross and net fertility rates were
also found in females on the genotype Marko (31.24 adults/female and 23.73 adults/female),
and they were significantly higher than those of females living on NS-6 (14.85 adults/female
and 12.53 adults/female). Besides, net fertility rate of the females living on the genotype
Narvik (13.80 adults/female) was also significantly lower than the rate of females on Marko.
The instantaneous rates of increase showed no significant difference over a 10-day interval
following the start of oviposition, while the increase rate was significantly higher on the
genotype Marko after 12, 14 and 16 days, compared to the genotype NS-6. Eighteen, 20 and
22 days after the beginning of oviposition, the instantaneous rate of increase on the genotype
Marko was significantly higher than it was on NS-6 and Narvik. Our data provide a
basis for further research aiming to improve programs of integrated management of greenhouse
whitefly.Ispitivan je uticaj pet genotipova paradajza (sorta Narvik, hibridi NS-6, Tamaris, Alliance
i Marko) na preživljavanje, reprodukciju, razviće i rast populacije bele leptiraste vaši Trialeurodes
vaporariorum Westwood. Laboratorijska populacija T. vaporariorum gajena je na duvanu
tri godine pre postavljanja ogleda. Ženke koje su polagale jaja na genotipu Marko živele
su značajno duže, a razviće njihovog potomstva trajalo je značajno kraće, u poređenju
sa ženkama na genotipu Narvik. Najviše stope bruto fekunditeta i neto fekunditeta zabeležene
su kod ženki na genotipu Marko (36,74 jaja/ženki i 27,93 jaja/ženki) i one su se značajno
razlikovale od odgovarajućih vrednosti kod ženki na genotipu NS-6 (18,55 jaja/ženki
i 15,33 jaja/ženki), gde su zabeležene najniže stope fekunditeta. Najveće vrednosti bruto
i neto fertiliteta takođe su imale ženke na genotipu Marko (31,24 jedinki/ženki i 23,73 jedinki/
ženki), i ove vrednosti su bile značajno veće u poređenju sa ženkama na genotipu NS-6
(14,85 jedinki/ženki i 12,53 jedinki/ženki). Pored toga, i stopa neto fertiliteta ženki na genotipu
Narvik (13,80 jedinki/ženki) bila je značajno niža u poređenju sa stopom neto-fertiliteta
ženki na genotipu Marko. Vrednosti trenutne stope rasta nisu se značajno razlikovale za interval
10 dana od početka ovipozicije, dok je za intervale od 12, 14, i 16 dana trenutna stopa
rasta na genotipu Marko bila značajno viša u odnosu na genotip NS-6. U intervalima 18, 20
i 22 dana od početka ovipozicije, trenutna stopa rasta na genotipu Marko bila je značajno
viša u odnosu na genotipove NS-6 i Narvik. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju polaznu osnovu
za dalja istraživanja u okviru unapređivanja programa integralnog upravljanja štetnom
vrstom T. vaporariorum
Greenhouse and field evaluation of two biopesticides against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Evaluacija dva biopesticida u suzbijanju Tetranychus urticae i Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) u plasteniku i polju
The mycopesticide Naturalis (based on Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040) and
botanical pesticide Kingbo (based on oxymatrine, an alkaloid from Sophora flavescens, a traditional
Chinese herb) were tested against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)
on greenhouse vegetables and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) on apples. These
biopesticide products were applied twice at 5-day interval and concentrations of 0.1% and
0.2%, and their effectiveness was compared to abamectin-based products and the synthetic
acaricides acrinathrin and spirodiclofen, applied once at their recommended rates.
The mycopesticide Naturalis, applied at 0.1% concentration against T. urticae on cucumber,
reduced mite population density by 85-86%, achieving 91-93% efficacy. In a trial on tomato,
efficacy reached some 96%, while population density was reduced by 93%. In a field trial
on apple, Naturalis demonstrated an increasing and long-lasting effectiveness against the
summer population of P. ulmi of nearly 100%, and population reduction was achieved in
assessments 30 days after the first treatment. Naturalis applied at a double rate achieved a
somewhat better effect but only in the first trial. The botanical pesticide Kingbo, applied at
0.1% concentration, demonstrated very high control efficacy (≥98%) and population density
reduction (≥96%) of T. urticae in both trials. A high and long-lasting effectiveness of this
bioacaricide was also achieved in a trial on P. ulmi. Its concentration of 0.2% achieved similar
effect. The results in these trials indicate that applications of the mycopesticide Naturalis
and the botanical pesticide Kingbo can provide effective control of T. urticae on cucumber
and tomato grown in greenhouses, as well as P. ulmi on apple.Ispitivana je efektivnost mikopesticida Naturalis (na bazi Beauveria bassiana, soj ATCC
74040) i botaničkog pesticida Kingbo (na bazi oksimatrina, alkaloida iz biljke Sophora flavescens,
poznate u kineskoj tradicionalnoj madicini) u suzbijanju obične paučinaste grinje (Tetranychus
urticae) na povrću u plasteniku i crvene voćne grinje (Panonychus ulmi) na jabuci.
Ovi biopesticidi su primenjeni dva puta u razmaku od 5 dana, u koncentracijama 0,1%
i 0,2%, a njihova efektivnost je upoređena sa akaricidima na bazi abamektina, akrinatrina i
spirodiklofena, primenjenim jednom u preporučenim koncentracijama. Mikopesticid Naturalis,
primenjen u koncentraciji 0,1% protiv T. urticae na krastavcu, redukovao je gustinu populacije
za 85-86% i ostvario efikasnost 91-93%. U ogledu na paradajzu, efikasnost je dostigla
96%, dok je populaciona gustaina redukovana za 93%. U ogledu u zasadu jabuke,
Naturalis je pokazao rastuću i dugotrajnu efikasnost u suzbijanju letnje populacije P. ulmi: u
oceni 30 dana posle prvog tretiranja zabeleženi su gotovo 100% efikasnost i redukcija populacione
gustine. Efektivnost preparata Naturalis primenjenog u dvostruko većoj koncentraciji
bila je nešto bolja, ali samo u prvom ogledu. Botanički pesticid Kingbo je pokazao visoku
efikasnost (≥98%) i redukciju populacione gustine (≥96%) u oba ogleda sa T. urticae.
U ogledu suzbijanja P. ulmi postignuta je visoka i dugotrajna efektivnost ovog bioakaricida.
Koncentracija 0,2% ostvarila je slične efekte. Rezultati ovih ogleda pokazuju da se primenom
preparata Naturalis i Kingbo obezbeđuje efikasno suzbijanje T. urticae na krastavcu
i paradajzu u plasteniku, kao i P. ulmi na jabuci
The Impact of 22q11.2 Microdeletion on Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Outcome
22q11.2 microdeletion is the most common microdeletion in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative outcome in children with 22q11.2 microdeletion who had undergone complete surgical correction of a congenital heart defect. The study included 34 patients who underwent complete correction of conotruncal heart defects. Of these, 17 patients diagnosed with 22q11.2 microdeletion represent the investigated group. Another 17 patients without 22q11.2 microdeletion represent the control group. Investigated and control groups differ significantly for total length of stay in the hospital (average 37.35 and 14.12 days, respectively); length of postoperative stay in the intensive care unit (average 10.82 and 6.76 days, respectively); sepsis (eight and two patients, respectively); administration of antibiotics (15 and seven patients, respectively); duration of antibiotic therapy (average 17.65 and 14.59 days, respectively); occurrence of hypocalcemia (16 and 0 patients, respectively); and initiation of peroral nutrition during the postoperative course (average 10.29 and 3.88 days, respectively). No difference was found for duration of ventilatory support (average 6.12 and 4.24 days, respectively), administration of total parenteral nutrition, and postoperative mortality rate. The study results suggest that genotype of 22q11.2 microdeletion affects postoperative outcome after cardiac surgery. Possible targets for intervention in postoperative intensive care management are prevention and treatment of systemic infections, monitoring, and treatment of hypocalcemias, rational administration of antibiotics and careful planning of nutrition. Consequently, this could shorten patients' intensive care stay and overall duration of hospitalization