IN VITRO IN VIVO EVALUATION OF NIOSOMAL FORMULATION OF FAMOTIDINE

Objective: The present study was aimed on formulation and evaluation of famotidine loaded niosomal formulation for in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour. Formulating it as niosomal formulation might be quite advantageous for prolonging the duration of pharmacological action and improved bioavailability. Methods: In the present study niosomal formulations were prepared by using most documented thin film hydration technique by using various grades of surfactants (span 20, 40, 60, 80) in varying ratios with cholesterol, negative charge inducer di cetyl phosphate (DCP) and drug famotidine. Suitable preformulation studies were conducted like identification of drug, excipient and drug compatibility study. The optimized drug loaded niosomes were characterized for size and morphology, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment, in vitro release, in vivo study and stability study. Results: The results showed that the vesicles formed were spherical in shape, size ranging between 160.1 nm to 718.7 nm with zeta potential values indicating good stability and formulation containing span 60 (NMS7) showed the highest entrapment efficiency (73.234%). All the formulations showed prolonged release profile for more than 24 h with release kinetics better suited to zero order release pattern. In vivo study conducted on rabbits predicted a fourfold increase in pharmacokinetic parameter (area under curve)AUC and pharmacological action for more than 24 h as compared to free drug famotidine which showed its action only upto 12 h. Conclusion: Thus the famotidine loaded niosomal formulation may be considered as a very promising drug delivery system which could be successfully employed for prolonging the drug release and overcoming the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE WHOLE PLANT OF COMMELINA BENGHALENSIS LINN. IN MALE ALBINO RAT.

Study of phytochemical and antidiabetic activity on the whole plant of Commelina benghalensis in male albino rat. The methanolic extract of the whole plant of Commelina benghalensis (100, 200, 400 mg/kg i.p.) has shown significant antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rat. In addition the extract significantly reduced the elevated level of blood cholesterol (p< 0.01) and triglyceride (p< 0.05). At the same dose level, the extract significantly improved the alloxan-induced reducation of blood protein (p< 0.01) to normal value. Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Commelina benghalensis, male albino ratÂ

REVIEW ON SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Many traditional medicines in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter .The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among these 2500 species are in India, out of which 150 species are used commercially on a fairly large scale. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is called as botanical garden of the world .The current review focuses on herbal drug preparations and plants used in the treatment of different chronic dieses in the world. The use of Ayurvedic medicines is common in both adults and children and is increasing in many areas of the world. This paper will discuss the benefits with use of herbal medicines as Antidiabetic activity.   KEYWORDS: Medicinal plant, Antidiabetic activity, Diabetes mellitu

Establishment of Standardization Parameters for Herbal Formulation, Swarasa Bhvit Amalaka Churnam

Herbal formulations are very useful for human health because of their natural and simple processing. A quality herbal formulation must pass the test for their characteristic properties. Inspite of the large number of Ayurvedic formulations are available in the market, standards of their quality are yet to be laid. Amlaka churnam or amalaki rasayanam is a swarasa bhavita, important herbal formulation used for treatment related to immunity systems of human body. In addition to this it is also used for nurturing of skin, heart, eye and stomach. The main ingredient of amalaka churnam is amla (Embalica officinalis) family Euphorbiaceae. Though amalaka churnam is described in many classical Ayurvedic granthas, but there are minor differences in their formulations. Also marketed formulations of amalaki rasayanam by manufacturers do not have description about its standardization.  Therefore, it is necessary to develop standard parameters for establishment of quality of the formulation. In this work, a standardization of herbal formulations of amalaka churnam is reported in terms of organoleptic evaluation of ingredients with rasayana formulation, loss of drying analysis, foreign matter, phytochemical screening, pH estimation, evaluation of ash value, extractive value and rheological evaluation. Keywords: Bhvit, amalaka Churnam, Organoleptic, rheological etc

Phytochemical Screening and Immunomodulator Activity of Mimusops elengi Linn.

Aim.  Phytochemical screening screening and investigation for immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mimusops elengi using different parameters like carbon clearance, albumin globulin ratio, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, total leukocyte count and estimation of immunoglobulin etc. Material and Methods. Ethanolic extract  of the plant leaves was  prepared. Preliminary phytochemical screening has been conducted. 1g of carragenan was dissolved in 100ml. of water for injection. 1% w/v suspension of carbon black as Indian ink. 2% PVP solution is prepared in water for injection. Four sets (A,B,C and D) of the animals were taken. Each set contains five groups and each group has six animals. After that different parameters of imunomodulation were performed. Result and Discussion. Phagocytic index was determined by measuring the concentration of Indian ink at different time intervals. The rate of Carbon clearance is a measure of Phagocytic activity, The result ( table 2 and  and fig 1) Suggested that in the case of control animals, the concentration of Indian ink obtained after 12 minuts of experimental time was decreased nearly 52% of its initial value as compared with the value recorded initially at 3 minuts. this decreased could be described of the natural course of phagocytosis to the particles by liver macrophages. on the other hand the ethanolic extract of the mimusops elengi  showed Significant immunostimulant activity as reflected by lower recovery of carbon particles as compared against that obtained by the control. the same trend was followed even after increasing the dose and the result were found to be directly influence by the increase in dose. Conclusion. The results of this study clearly indicate that the Ethanolic extract of M. elengi linn.leaves can be used as promising immunostimulating agents. The activity may be due to the presence of phytochemicals reported through phytochemical screening. Keywords:  Mimusops elengi, solvent extraction, carbon black as Indian ink

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA EXTRACTS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Bauhinia variegata commonly known as kachnar tree and is cultivated throughout India. literature survey revealed that the leaf of Bauhinia variegata is traditionally used as an astringent in diabetes. flowers are laxative.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of leaf of  Bauhinia variegata extract was evaluated using albino wister rat i.e.alloxan induced diabetes in albino wister rat by glucometer method, with 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg and higher doses showed significant value represent at table no and figure 1,2,3,4 respectively with different successive extract and show the significant p value. Keyword: Bauhinia Variegata, Ethanolic Extract, Antidiabetic, Alloxan, Albino Wister Ra

A REVIEW UPDATED ON ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF KIRGANELIA RETICULATA POIR (BAILL). : AN IMPORTANT HERBAL PLANT

Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. is known for its importance in various traditional medicines around the world. In present review covers a literature survey across from 1971 to 2014 until now. The some information collected from published literature on species of Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. (=Syn. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.).The extract and the compounds isolated from Kirganelia reticulata show a wide spectrum of biological activities including antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiplasmodial, anticiceptive, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties

Standardization Parameters for Herbal Formulation, Avipattikar Churnam

Herbal formulations are being used by human society from a very long period of time. To ensure quality of the herbal formulation, a number of standardization parameters are set. Although there are large number of Ayurvedic formulations, standards of quality are yet to be laid for many of them. Avipattikar Churna is one of the important herbal formulation used for stomach diseases like dyspepsia, gastritis, hyper acidity, loss of appetite and stomach burning sensation. In this work, a standardization of herbal formulations of avipattikar churna is reported in terms of organoleptic evaluation of ingredients with rasayana formulation, loss of drying analysis, foreign matter, phytochemical screening, evaluation of ash value, extractive value and rheological evaluation

KIRGANELIA RETICULATA (POIR) BAILL.-A REVIEW ON ITS BOTANY, ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. is known for its importance in various traditional medicine around the world and are proved pharmacologically as an antiviral against Hepatitis B, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic and antioxidant. In Ayurvedic system of Indian medicine recognized its activity against jaundice, diuretic, fever, liver disorder, in bleeding gums, small pox, syphilis, etc. Aim of the review: The review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology of important drug. Kirganelia reticulata and discusses the possible future scope for future research. Material and methods: In present review covers a literature survey across from 1932 to 2012. The some information collected from published literature on species of Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. (=Syn. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.) and traditional ayurvedic texts. Results: Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of many valuable compounds such as lignans, flavonoids, steroids, coumerins, triterpenes, phenols, flavonones, alkaloids are common compounds in test species. The extract and the compounds isolated from Kirganelia reticulata show a wide spectrum of Biological activities including antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiplasmodial, anticiceptive, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusion: The present review summarizes information concerning the morphology, ecology, ethanopharmacologically, phytochemistry, and traditional diseases and applications of K. reticulata. This review target at gathering the research work undertaken till date on this plant in order to provide sufficient baseline information for future works and commercial exploitation

A Research Article Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Carthamus tinctorius Leaves

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Carthmus tinctorius L. (MECT) was investigated against hepatotoxicity produced by administering a combination of two anti-tubercular drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin for 24 days by Oral route in rats. MECT were administered at two graded dose i.e. 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o. 45 min after to anti-tubercular challenge for 24 days. MECT was evident in the all doses as there was a significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, and Total Bilirubin levels. MECT significantly decreased the level of these biochemical parameter as compared to control. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of B-sitosterol and Lupeol in MECT. Results showed that Carthamus tinctorius possess significant Hepatoprotective activity which might be due to flavonoids. Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius leaves1, hepatoprotective2, Rifampicin3, Isoniazide4, SGPT5