Propuesta para la enseñanza de las normas de higiene y bioseguridad en la Facultad de Odontología

Ponencia presentada en la II Muestra Nacional de Innovaciones en la Enseñanza de la Odontología y IV Muestra Institucional de Innovaciones en la Enseñanza de la Odontología. Córdoba, 13 y 14 de septiembre de 2012.La investigación llevada a cabo por el Equipo corrobora que la Bioseguridad debe ocupar un lugar central en la formación de los estudiantes de Odontología por el impacto social de dichos saberes y es en la formación de grado, cuando el futuro profesional debe adquirir sólidos conocimientos de esta disciplina en sus aspectos biológicos, técnicos, jurídicos, sociales y éticos. Sin embargo los resultados de esta investigación han puesto en evidencia que la enseñanza de la Bioseguridad no ha sido sistemática ni transversal en el Currículum de la Carrera.Fil: Castillo, Beatriz del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina.Fil: Irazusta, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina.Fil: Castillo, Graciela del V. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina.Fil: Priotto, Elba G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina.Fil: Bregains, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina.Fil: Castillo, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina.Fil: Rezzónico, María Silvina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Centro de Bioseguridad. Equipo de Investigación Normas de Higiene y Bioseguridad en la Formación de Odontólogos; Argentina

Reduced antioxidant defense in early onset first-episode psychosis: a case-control study

Background:Our objective is to determine the activity of the antioxidant defense system at admission in patients with early onset first psychotic episodes compared with a control group. Methods: Total antioxidant status (TAS) and lipid peroxidation (LOOH) were determined in plasma. Enzyme activities and total glutathione levels were determined in erythrocytes in 102 children and adolescents with a first psychotic episode and 98 healthy controls. Results: A decrease in antioxidant defense was found in patients, measured as decreased TAS and glutathione levels. Lipid damage (LOOH) and glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in patients than controls. Our study shows a decrease in the antioxidant defense system in early onset first episode psychotic patients. Conclusions: Glutathione deficit seems to be implicated in psychosis, and may be an important indirect biomarker of oxidative stress in early-onset schizophrenia. Oxidative damage is present in these patients, and may contribute to its pathophysiology

In silico pathway reconstruction: Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

BACKGROUND: Current advances in genomics, proteomics and other areas of molecular biology make the identification and reconstruction of novel pathways an emerging area of great interest. One such class of pathways is involved in the biogenesis of Iron-Sulfur Clusters (ISC). RESULTS: Our goal is the development of a new approach based on the use and combination of mathematical, theoretical and computational methods to identify the topology of a target network. In this approach, mathematical models play a central role for the evaluation of the alternative network structures that arise from literature data-mining, phylogenetic profiling, structural methods, and human curation. As a test case, we reconstruct the topology of the reaction and regulatory network for the mitochondrial ISC biogenesis pathway in S. cerevisiae. Predictions regarding how proteins act in ISC biogenesis are validated by comparison with published experimental results. For example, the predicted role of Arh1 and Yah1 and some of the interactions we predict for Grx5 both matches experimental evidence. A putative role for frataxin in directly regulating mitochondrial iron import is discarded from our analysis, which agrees with also published experimental results. Additionally, we propose a number of experiments for testing other predictions and further improve the identification of the network structure. CONCLUSION: We propose and apply an iterative in silico procedure for predictive reconstruction of the network topology of metabolic pathways. The procedure combines structural bioinformatics tools and mathematical modeling techniques that allow the reconstruction of biochemical networks. Using the Iron Sulfur cluster biogenesis in S. cerevisiae as a test case we indicate how this procedure can be used to analyze and validate the network model against experimental results. Critical evaluation of the obtained results through this procedure allows devising new wet lab experiments to confirm its predictions or provide alternative explanations for further improving the models

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Osteopontin, A Chemotactic Protein With Cytokine-like Properties, Is Up-regulated In Muscle Injury Caused By Bothrops Lanceolatus (fer-de-lance) Snake Venom

Osteopontin (OPN) is a chemotactic, adhesive protein whose receptors include some integrins and matrix proteins known to have role in inflammatory and repair processes. We examined the time course of OPN expression at acute and chronic stages after intramuscular injection of Bothrops lanceolatus venom in rats. Additionally, we examined the expression of CD68 (a marker for phagocytic macrophages) and the myogenic factors, myoD and myogenin. There was a biphasic upregulation of OPN (6-48 h and 3-14 days post-venom), i.e., during acute inflammation and myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation phases. OPN was detected in CD68 + macrophages, fibroblasts, normal and damaged myofibers, myoblasts and myotubes. Myogenin was expressed in the cytoplasm (atypical pattern) and nucleus of myoblasts and myotubes from 18 h to 7 days, after which it was expressed only in nuclei. Macrophage numbers, OPN and myogenin expression were still elevated at 7, 14 and 7 days. At 3 days, when OPN achieved the peak, some clusters of myoblasts were within regions of intense collagen deposition. Fibrosis may represent limitation for repairing processes and may explain the small diameter of regenerated fibers at 21 days post-venom. The expression of OPN in the course of venom-induced damage and regeneration suggests stages-specific mediation role along the whole process. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.585398409Bogarín, G., Romero, M., Rojas, G., Lutsch, C., Casadamont, M., Lang, J., Otero, R., Gutiérrez, J.M., Neutralization by a monospecific Bothrops lanceolatus antivenom of toxic activities induced by homologous and heterologous Bothrops snake venoms (1999) Toxicon, 37, pp. 551-557Chargé, S.B., Rudnicki, M.A., Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration (2004) Physiol. 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Absence of mutagenic and recombinagenic activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the Drosophila wing-spot test and Allium cepa test

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In order to assess the safety of the carbon nanotubes to human health and the environment, we investigated the potential toxicity and ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NT), to induce DNA damage by employing the Allium cepa genotoxicity/mutagenicity test and the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster. The results demonstrated that NT did not significantly induce genotoxic or mutagenic effects in the Allium cepa test. All concentrations evaluated in the SMART assay showed survival rates higher than 90 percent, indicating the absence of chronic toxicity for NT. Furthermore, the various treatments showed no significant increase in the NT mutation and recombination frequencies in mwh/flr(3) genotype compared to respective negative controls, demonstrating the absence of DNA damage caused by NT. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.999297Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Phosphoproteomic and functional analyses reveal sperm-specific protein changes downstream of kappa opioid receptor in human spermatozoa

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the seven transmembrane receptor superfamily that transduce signals via G proteins in response to external stimuli to initiate different intracellular signaling pathways which culminate in specific cellular responses. The expression of diverse GPCRs at the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa suggests their involvement in the regulation of sperm fertility. However, the signaling events downstream of many GPCRs in spermatozoa remain uncharacterized. Here, we selected the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) as a study model and applied phosphoproteomic approach based on TMT labeling and LC-MS/MS analyses. Quantitative coverage of more than 5000 proteins with over 3500 phosphorylation sites revealed changes in the phosphorylation levels of sperm-specific proteins involved in the regulation of the sperm fertility in response to a specific agonist of KOR, U50488H. Further functional studies indicate that KOR could be involved in the regulation of sperm fertile capacity by modulation of calcium channels. Our findings suggest that human spermatozoa possess unique features in the molecular mechanisms downstream of GPCRs which could be key regulators of sperm fertility and improved knowledge of these specific processes may contribute to the development of useful biochemical tools for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility