Overcoming Production Disruption When Adopting New Technologies: Application of Macroergonomics and Safety Culture:

Organizations are constantly responding to new technologies that require an appropriate response to remain competitive. Depending on the nature of the technologic changes, incremental changes may be adequate. However, at some point, the technical demands may be disruptive because the organization is unable to respond adequately. In this case study of a biotechnology production facility, rapidly changing customer and technological demands created a crisis manifested in rising employee injuries and production interruptions. The crisis was ultimately addressed through a comprehensive redesign of human-system relationships. Key ingredients included: a management willing to examine the entire production system, a multidisciplinary team coordinating efforts towards a common goal, engagement of staff at all levels of the organization, and the creation of feedback channels to better guide the actions of supervisors and managers. The methods used in this successful case study, involving a macroergonomics approach, can be applied to any private or public enterprise

Ergonomics in surgical environments

The majority of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in surgery are mostly related to sustained position and awkward postures, forcing non-natural gestures in surgeon ́s body.This arti- cle points to describe the different ailments studied during surgical tasks over the years: causes which increase the discomfort and fatigue, and effects related with them, in order highlight the cur- rent working conditions and how might be improved. To do that, a research is done to understand the main issues related on full body ailments and how is have been evaluated in different types of surgery, for which, the lead postural analysis technologies are presented, understanding Rapid Upper Limb Assessment system (RULA) the most suitable method to stablish priorities for preven- tive/corrective actions.Knowing the ailment ́s causes it have been necessary to define the critical points related with the causes, as instrumentation design, regulations in operating tables and chairs, pedal drives, and other surgical elements that require a ergonomic improvements, so that, the main design guidelines have been col- lected in this document and have been compared with a sample of current products available in the market, with the purpose of knowing the degree of implication between the requirements re- quested by the surgical teams and the companies dedicated to their design