A Concurrence Study on Interoperability Issues in IoT and Decision Making Based Model on Data and Services being used during Inter-Operability

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become an important topic among researchers owing to its potential to change the way we live and use smart devices. In recent years, many research work found in the world are interrelated and convey via the existing web structure which makes a worldwide system called IoT. This study focused on the significant improvement of answers for a wider scope of gadgets and the Internet of Things IoT stages in recent years. In any case, each arrangement gives its very own IoT framework, gadgets, APIs, and information configurations promoting interoperability issues. These issues are the outcome of numerous basic issues, difficulty to create IoT application uncovering cross-stage, and additionally cross-space, trouble in connecting non-interoperable IoT gadgets to various IoT stages, what's more, eventually averts the development of IoT innovation at an enormous scale. To authorize consistent data sharing between various IoT vendors, endeavors by a few academia, industrial, and institutional groups have accelerated to support IoT interoperability. This paper plays out a far-reaching study on the cutting-edge answers for encouraging interoperability between various IoT stages. Likewise, the key difficulties in this theme are introduced

Activity of Various Fractions of Saussurea Lappa Herb Against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Rods

Background: Microorganisms are turning out to be greatly resistant to existing antibiotics, specifically gram-negative rods which shows resistance to currently accessible antibiotics. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the main therapeutic option to treat infections of gram-negative microorganisms i.e., ESBL and Carbapenemase producers. Saussurea lappa herb is a medicinal herb use since many times. Basically, the roots of S. lappa herb were used as medicines. Current study was conducted to find out activity of various fractions of S. lappa herb against multidrug resistant gram-negative rods. Methods: Crude extracts of ethanol, methanol and water and fractions of n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol from S. lappa herb were used. Total of sixty multidrug resistant organisms were included in which thirty were ESBL and thirty were carbapenemase producing organisms. Mean MIC and comparative analysis of various extracts and fractions have been evaluated. Results: The mean MIC value of crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and methanol fractions and water extract from S. lappa against ESBL producing organisms were 109.33± 6.915 mg/ml, 154.67± 5.164 mg/ml, 150.00± 5.345 mg/ml, 55.33±5.164 mg/ml, 178.00±6.103 mg/ml, 64.00± 7.701 mg/ml respectively. Similarly, the mean MIC value against carbapenemase producing organisms were 100.67± 8.683 mg/ml, 158.67± 3.519 mg/ml, 150.67± 5.936 mg/ml, 54.67±5.164 mg/ml, 176.67±14.223 mg/ml, 64.33± 9.353 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that extracts and fractions of S. lappa herb can form the basis to develop novel broad-spectrum formulation for antimicrobial drugs as it contains compounds that has novelty to perform its action against multi-resistant mechanisms

Molecular cloning and expression of recombinant Trichoderma harzianum chitinase in Pichia pastoris

Background: The importance of chitinases over the years had attracted huge biotechnological attention because its usage cut across wide range of field. It plays a significant role in the defensive mechanism against fungal pathogens.Methods: In this study, an endochitinase gene was isolated from Trichoderma harzianum, and characterized in-silico by using various bioinformatics tools. Further, the gene was cloned in eukaryotic expression vector (pPICZA) under the control of AOX1 promoter for recombinant expression in Pichia pastoris GS115 host strain.Results: The chitinase cDNA was ~1000 bp long, while in-silico studies revealed an open reading frame of 888 bp encoding 295 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 37332.76 Da and an estimated isoelectric point of 4.07. Recombinant chitinase protein expressed intracellularly and revealed high expression in P. pastoris host. The 37 kDa recombinant chitinase protein developed with antigen antibody confirmed its expression in P. pastoris.Conclusion: Conclusively, T. harzianum derived chitinase gene was successfully over expressed in P. pastoris where recombinant protein was expressed intracellular in the form of inclusion bodies.Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum; Chitinase; Pichia pastori

Modulatory effect of single nucleotide polymorphism in Xmn1, BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB loci on fetal hemoglobin levels in ? thalassemia major and Intermedia patients

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of these genetic modifiers (HBB gene cluster: rs7482144; BCL11A: rs766432; HBS1L-MYB: rs9399137) on the HbF levels in Thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia. Methods: The cohort study comprised of 52 patients with ?-thalassemia Intermedia and 64 patients of thalassemia major, all diagnosed in laboratories of Punjab thalassemia prevention program Hb-F was quantified by HPLC (Variant ll- Biorad). Primary mutation analysis and SNPS were done by ARMS PCR. SPSS version 20 i used for data analysis applying multivariate regression analysis. Results: The levels of Hb-F were primarily influenced by alleles of the HBG2, (rs7482144), and BCL11A (rs766432) gene but SNP of HBS1L-MYB (rs9399137) has no significant role. The rs7482144 SNP explained 8.3% of the variation in the Hb-F levels, while 5% of trait variation was explained by rs766432. Conclusion: There is clear association between Hb-F level and SNPs in HBG2, (rs7482144), and BCL11A (rs766432) gene. This correlation is additive and seen both in thalassemia major and thalassemia Intermedia cohorts, more so in case of later. Continuous..

Green technology: synthesis of iron-modified biochar derived from pine cones to remove azithromycin and ciprofloxacin from water

The rise of antibiotic pollutants in water threatens ecosystems and human health. Iron-modified biochar (BC) exhibits adsorption properties and offers a promising approach for effective environmental remediation. The current study explored the potential of iron-loaded biochar synthesized from pine cones for antibiotic removal from water. In this study, pine cones, a sustainable and renewable source, were used to produce iron-modified biochar and employed to remove azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture from aqueous solutions. Biochar was synthesized through pyrolysis and modified by the addition of iron salts. The analysis of iron-modified biochar by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested a crystalline structure rich in minerals and functional groups (O–H, C=O, and C≡C) and loaded with iron, having plate-like roughness and distorted morphology along with sharp edges and corners. Antibiotic removal was evaluated by changing physical parameters, including biochar dose, pH, and temperature. The maximum removal percentages of azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture were obtained as 87.8%, 91.3%, and 84%, respectively, at low pH, a low Fe-modified biochar dose, and higher temperature. Application of kinetic models suggested that the adsorption of antibiotics on iron-modified biochar is more inclined toward pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.98) kinetics, indicating a chemisorption nature of the adsorption process. The findings highlight the potential of iron-modified biochar for removing antibiotics from aqueous solutions

Effect of multigrain porridge on postprandial glucose level in diabetic individuals

A metabolic disorder called diabetes mellitus is brought on by issues with insulin production, action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia is caused by insulin deficiency with aberrant carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Postprandial glucose level is the glucose level after a meal. This test is done to observe how the body responds to sugar and carbohydrates after eating. To lower postprandial glucose level in diabetic individuals, multigrain porridge has been regarded as the most effective mean. Multigrain porridges were prepared with millet, barley, sorghum and whole wheat. All these grains are loaded with soluble and insoluble fiber, antioxidant, phytochemicals, proteins, essential vitamins and minerals. Barley, sorghum and millet have low glycemic index because of a high proportion of fiber, which helps to keep blood sugar level stable after eating. The current study was planned to evaluate the postprandial glucose and cholesterol lowering effect of multigrain porridges in diabetic individuals. Multigrain porridges were prepared by grinding all grains into raw porridge form then boiling in water and adding half to one cup of milk. The raw materials were subjected to proximate analysis, mineral analysis, antioxidant assay, dietary fiber analysis, sensory analysis and efficacy study.&nbsp

Trackable CEMB-Klean Cotton Transgenic Technology: Afforadable Climate Neutral Agri-biotech Industrialization for Developing Countries

Background: Transgenic technology reflects the incorporation of novel useful traits in crop plants like cotton for economic benefits by overcoming the problems including insects' pests and weeds in special. The present study is the success story of the continuous effort of CEMB team started back in the 1990s. Methods: This study includes characterization of a large number of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains taken from local soil and subjected to direct transformation of isolated BT genes into local cotton cultivars. Protocols for transformation into cotton plants were optimized and validated by the development of double gene codon optimized (Cry1Ac and Cry2A) transgenic cotton varieties. Results: The resulting GMOs in the form of CEMB-33, CA-12, CEMB-66 have been approved by Punjab Seed Council in 2013 and 2016 respectively. Double Bt and weedicide resistant cotton harboring CEMB-Modified and codon optimized cp4EPSPS (GTGene). These varieties can tolerate glyphosate spray @ 1900ml per acre without the appearance of necrotic spots/shedding and complete removal of all surrounding weeds in the cotton field is a significant advance to boost cotton production without spending much on insecticides and herbicides. Conclusion: In the current report, two unique sets of primers which amplify 1.1 Kb for CEMB-double Bt genes and 660 bp product for CEMB-Modified cp4EPSPS (GTGene) were tested. CEMB cotton variety CKC-01 is specially designed as low cost and easy to use by local farmer's technology has the potential to revolutionize the cotton growing culture of the country.Higher Education Commission (HEC) of PakistanOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]