Biosecurity and Biosafety concerns of Research and diagnostic Laboratory under International Guidelines

Currently, academic research labs and diagnostic laboratories are facing a serious issue of biosecurity and biosafety globally. The high rate of mutations and continuous new emerging infectious diseases with the risk of bioterrorism demands that each lab personnel share equal responsibility for biosecurity & biosafety at their work. The primary job of government authorities is to implement a well-organized detection system and limit the spread of hazardous biological agents by providing a biologically safe setting for lab scientists and for the common man in communities and institutes. The safety of lab personnel, lab environment, and pathogens depends on effective and safe laboratory working and pathogen handling which determines the reliable and accurate results of laboratory experiments. The aim of this article is to address the basic components of laboratory biosafety, laboratory biosecurity, and laboratory management. Further DURC (dual-use research of concern) deals with the commencement of lawful reasons to generate information, knowledge, technology, and products that are used for either harmful or beneficial purposes. The precautions are taken to ensure laboratory biosecurity and biosafety should be a part of the laboratory safety policy manual for guidance and implementation for a safe laboratory environment.Keywords: Antioxidants; tomato; lycopene; β-carotene; reactive oxygen species (ROS)

The mental health problems in university students of Lahore, Pakistan

Introduction: The students face various challenges throughout their educational career. In university years, stress of competition increases deliberately resulting in a number of psychological problems among students.Aim: The present study aims to assess mental health problems of university students of Lahore, Pakistan.Methodology: The students of various universities were distributed with student problem checklist. In total, 1662 students participated in the study with age range of 19 to 26 years. The checklist consisted of 45 items related to mental health problems including sense of being dysfunctional, loss of confidence, lack of self regulation and anxiety proneness.Results: The results showed that 12 % students were suffering from very severe psychological issues, whereas, 24 % students were dealing with severe psychological problems.Conclusion: It is highly recommended that the authorities form counseling services with trained and professional personnel for betterment of studentsKeywords: students, mental health, mental problem

Employee Turnover Intention in Aviation Industry

This empirical study explores the mediation role of organizational embeddedness in the relationship between turnover and quality of work life. The current study investigates how employment variables, such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee turnover intentions, affect employee perceptions in light of the idea above. The study aims to provide insight into how employees respond to a sense of duty to their employer. The study also seeks to add to existing empirical data on the conflicting influences of intrinsic and extrinsic job-related elements on job satisfaction. The study also seeks to add to existing empirical data on the conflicting influences of intrinsic and extrinsic job-related elements on job satisfaction. Numerous studies have discovered a strong correlation between organizational commitment and job happiness, which has attracted much media attention. For management purposes, it is crucial to understand an employee's physiological and psychological demands to assess how they react to their environment and form attitudes toward their jobs and organizations. This study attempts to explain how the organization and its employees interact in this setting through the lens of reciprocity. This study aims to demonstrate how individuals have high levels of job satisfaction

From State to Human Security in South Asia

Almost a quarter of the world's population lives in South Asia. Despite the steady economic growth, the region is characterized by dense poverty and human poverty. State security cannot be achieved without human security and south Asia is facing grave security challenges due to the increasing extremism and terrorism activities. Terrorism, Sectarianism and suicide attacks are menace and main hindrance in progress and prosperity of this region. The comprehensiveapproach to security assumes that when people are protected, society is protected, and when society is protected, the state is protected as well. Since it is the person who needs protection, all parts of his activities, such as Social, political, economic, etc., are part of the comprehensive approach to security. The study analyzes the issue of human security and states that regional governments should focus on growing non-traditional security threats to promote the well-being and quality of life of people by investing resources in human development and application

An experimental study on comparison between proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique and conventional physical therapy on lower extremity function of cerebral palsy

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) has prevalence of 2 to 2.5 per 1000 live births. Causes of CP are still not known significantly. There are many risk factors of CP are known now a days. CP can cause other secondary abnormalities in musculoskeletal system like low muscle power, tightness, and many other bony and structural changes and also in gait. There are five different levels of gross motor function in which level I is the highest level and level V is the last level. This classification is according to the GMFCS. Objective: To determine the efficacy of conventional therapy and PNF techniques in reducing spasticity and improving gross motor function in subjects with cerebral palsy. Methods: Total 36 patients were divided equally into 2 groups. They were assessed at pretreatment, 4th and 8th session of treatment using GMFCS and Modified Ashworth Scale. Group A received PNF stretching (Contract-Relax Method) and Group B received Muscle passive stretching. Results: At post treatment assessment, PNF group had the highest score for GMFCS score (U=155.0, p=0.812), hip flexors spasm (U=121.50, p=0.178), knee flexors spasm (U=129.0, p=0.270), knee extensors spasm (U=152.00, p=0.731) foot dorsiflexors spasm (U=143.50, p= 0.530), foot planter flexors spasm (U=155.00, p=0.817) and on the other hand conventional treatment group had the high score in hip extensors spasm (U=114.50, p=0.098). Conclusion: It is concluded that both the techniques are helpful to enhance the GMFCS score and to reduce the spasticity. PNF stretching has the more positive effects on improving the GMFCS score than that of conventional muscle stretching, in reducing lower limb spasticity except the hip extensors where conventional muscle stretching was more effective

Response surface optimization of gamma radiation-induced variation in functional quality of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome flour at various particle sizes

The cumulative effect of particle size (PS), gamma radiation dose (GRD), and suspension period (SP) on the functional quality of N. nucifera rhizome flour was optimized. A tri-factorial central composite design was constructed at five levels of each of PS, GRD, and SP. The N. nucifera rhizome flour at the selected particle sizes (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μm) was subjected to gamma irradiation at the selected levels of GRD (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kGy) followed by the analysis of its functional properties at different levels of SP (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h). The response-surface analysis showed a statistically significant linear positive effect of PS on the water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling capacity (SC) and a linear negative effect on protein solubility index (PSI) ( p=0.000-0.028). The GRD showed a significant linear positive effect on oil absorption capacity (OAC) and PSI while a linear negative effect on WAC and SC (p=0.000-0.008). The PS and GRD showed significant quadratic negative effects on WAC, OAC, and SC. However, the SP showed no significant linear effect on the studied functional properties of the flou

FREQUENCY OF FUNGAL MYCOFLORA ON RICE

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second best essential cereal crop of the world as well as of Pakistan. There are various fungal pathogens that attack on rice and cause various rice diseases. Methods: Therefore, the present experiments were done to isolated different fungi associated with seeds, stems, and leaves of commercially grown rice varieties and of mainly isolated species. Results: Several fungi, namely, Magnaporthe oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Helminthosporium oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, Nigrospora oryzae, and Aspergillus niger were isolated from seeds, stems, and affected leaves of rice. Conclusion: In our research, the frequency of fungal mycoflora on rice has been calculated and the maximum isolates of Fusarium spp. have been found

Clinical evaluation of patients suffering from osteoarthritis along with prevalence, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

Background: Osteoarthritis is a disorder of joints that most often influences the knee, spine, hip, and small hands joints. It is one of the common types of arthritis. It can lead to reduced mobility in elder patients. Primary objective: The aim of the project is to evaluate the current etiology, pathogenesis, investigations, and management of osteoarthritis. Methods/Design: The history of patients suffering from osteoarthritis was collected on a designed questionnaire which includes age, gender, job status, duration of disease, weight, pain, and current medical history. Setting: Data was taken from different people in the community Participants: Data from 50 patients were taken. Intervention: This work will discuss the challenges of developing good quality outcome measures for use in large-scale multicenter clinical trials for new osteoarthritis treatments, especially disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. Primary Outcome Measures: The data evaluation showed that this disease is most common in women than men having a weight greater than 50kg. Results: Most persons suffering from this disease were unemployed and had limited physical activities, and the maximum had complaints of knee pain and shoulder pain. A few patients complained of neck, elbow, feet, and backbone pain. Most were suffering from other concomitant diseases along with osteoarthritis, and a few were diagnosed with osteoarthritis only. Conclusion: This study clearly showed the prime factors involved in osteoarthritis which may help the community to avoid those factors to increase the quality of life