Awareness regarding breast feeding and complementary feeding in mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition at stabilization centre Multan

Breast feeding is the most natural way of feeding the infants and help to reduce child mortality and morbidity and millions of deaths could be prevented each year if mothers were aware of benefits of exclusive breast feeding for 4 -6 months and early initiation of breast feeding. In current study, awareness regarding breast feeding and complementary feeding in mothers of severely malnourished children was evaluated. The results showed that 99% mothers considered breast milk safe and effective but practically only 23% babies were breast fed while 77% were bottle fed. According to 58% mothers, there should be a early initiation of breast feeding, while 57% were un aware of the facts that clostrum should be given while 43% (43/100) of then considered it unhealthy and non effective. The current awareness reveals that most of the mothers prefer to give commercially available foods for their infants instead of breast feeding. This situation is alarming regarding child health and there is need to educate the mothers especially about the beneficial and health curing effects of breast feeding

Awareness regarding breast feeding and complementary feeding in mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition at stabilization centre Multan

Breast feeding is the most natural way of feeding the infants and help to reduce child mortality and morbidity and millions of deaths could be prevented each year if mothers were aware of benefits of exclusive breast feeding for 4 -6 months and early initiation of breast feeding. In current study, awareness regarding breast feeding and complementary feeding in mothers of severely malnourished children was evaluated. The results showed that 99% mothers considered breast milk safe and effective but practically only 23% babies were breast fed while 77% were bottle fed. According to 58% mothers, there should be a early initiation of breast feeding, while 57% were un aware of the facts that clostrum should be given while 43% (43/100) of then considered it unhealthy and non effective. The current awareness reveals that most of the mothers prefer to give commercially available foods for their infants instead of breast feeding. This situation is alarming regarding child health and there is need to educate the mothers especially about the beneficial and health curing effects of breast feeding

Improving primary health care quality for refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review of interventional approaches

Background: It has been widely acknowledged that refugees are at risk of poorer health outcomes, spanning mental health and general well-being. A common point of access to health care for the migrant population is via the primary health care network in the country of resettlement. This review aims to synthesize the evidence of primary health care interventions to improve the quality of health care provided to refugees and asylum seekers. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken, and 55 articles were included in the final review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews was used to guide the reporting of the review, and articles were managed using a reference-management software (Covidence). The findings were analysed using a narrative empirical synthesis. A quality assessment was conducted for all the studies included. Results: The interventions within the broad primary care setting could be organized into four categories, that is, those that focused on developing the skills of individual refugees/asylum seekers and their families; skills of primary health care workers; system and/or service integration models and structures; and lastly, interventions enhancing communication services. Promoting effective health care delivery for refugees, asylum seekers and their families is a complex challenge faced by primary care professionals, the patients themselves and the communication between them. Conclusion: This review highlights the innovative interventions in primary care promoting refugee health. Primary care interventions mostly focused on upskilling doctors, with a paucity of research exploring the involvement of other health care members. Further research can explore the involvement of interprofessional team members in providing effective refugee/migrant health. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public involvement was explored in terms of interventions designed to improve health care delivery for the humanitarian migrant population, that is, specifically refugees and asylum seekers

Comparison of Constrained Induced Movement Therapy and Bimanual Training on Functional Outcome of Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of constrained induced movement therapy (CIMT) and BimanualIntensive Training (BIT) on functional outcomes of hemiplegic cerebral palsy children. METHODOLOGY Cerebral palsy children with age groups of 5 to 12 years were included with a total sample size of 38. Simplerandom sampling was done, and data was collected from Islamabad. Two groups were formed and named groupA: constrained induced movement therapy with 19% and group B: bimanual training with 19% respectively. Thefunctional outcome for the CIMPT and for the BIT group was assessed on the pretest and post-test scoreevaluation of QUEST and JTHF tests. RESULTS Statistically significant (p <0.05) improvement was found in The Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST)and Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTHF) in the between -group analysis. For within the group analysisthe p-value <0.05 suggests that there was a significant diffe rence in within-group analysis too. The values forgrasp and dissociated movements suggest that QUEST post-test values are impactful in the CMIT group whereasin the BIT group simultaneous and spontaneous movement was increased but JTHF post -test values were moresignificant in CMIT. CONCLUSION BIT is more beneficial for both hand’s simultaneous and spontaneous movement, whereas CMIT is morebeneficial for grip and overcoming the “learned-nonuse” phenomena in cerebral palsy children

Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalised inpatients: results of a multi-centre study

Purpose: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder delineated by an acute change in cognition, attention, and consciousness. It is common, particularly in older adults, but poorly recognised. Frailty is the accumulation of deficits conferring an increased risk of adverse outcomes. We set out to determine how severity of frailty, as measured using the CFS, affected delirium rates, and recognition in hospitalised older people in the United Kingdom. Methods: Adults over 65 years were included in an observational multi-centre audit across UK hospitals, two prospective rounds, and one retrospective note review. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), delirium status, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Results: The overall prevalence of delirium was 16.3% (483). Patients with delirium were more frail than patients without delirium (median CFS 6 vs 4). The risk of delirium was greater with increasing frailty [OR 2.9 (1.8–4.6) in CFS 4 vs 1–3; OR 12.4 (6.2–24.5) in CFS 8 vs 1–3]. Higher CFS was associated with reduced recognition of delirium (OR of 0.7 (0.3–1.9) in CFS 4 compared to 0.2 (0.1–0.7) in CFS 8). These risks were both independent of age and dementia. Conclusion: We have demonstrated an incremental increase in risk of delirium with increasing frailty. This has important clinical implications, suggesting that frailty may provide a more nuanced measure of vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. However, the most frail patients are least likely to have their delirium diagnosed and there is a significant lack of research into the underlying pathophysiology of both of these common geriatric syndromes

Effectiveness of Assistive Technology in Teaching Mathematics to the Students with Hearing Impairment at Primary Level

The primary purpose of this research was to examine how well assistive technology can help elementary school students with deafness learn mathematics. This research employed a quasi-experimental design (Pre-test - Post-test). We restricted our analysis to the Government Special Education Centre in Bosan Town, Multan. Twenty-five hearing-impaired pupils (eleven female and fourteen male) from the Government Special Education Centre Bosan Town in Multan made up the study's experimental group. The kids that participated in the study came from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. All of the participating third-grade pupils have been identified as having a hearing impairment for the 2020-21 schools’year. The academic achievement of pupils was assessed from the very beginning of this study with a pretest (personally structured and certified by professionals). Both the researcher and the instructor's aide were responsible for its execution. An end-of-course posttest (individually organized and expert-validated) was administered to test how well the use of AT aided mathematics instruction for students with hearing loss. Students with hearing loss were given a mathematics assessment before and after receiving instruction using the study's intervention, an assistive technology. Percentage and the one-sample t. test were used for statistical analysis. The findings showed that pupils benefited from the use of assistive technology when learning mathematical topics

Assessments are Learning Experiences in Medical Education

Background: To evaluate general concept of assessment among teachers and students. To analyze the productivity in assessments and to know why not assessments become learning experiences.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted and three hundred medical students were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Questions were based upon views on current methods of assessment and their effectiveness. A few teachers were also interviewed by key informant method to know their views about assessments and flaws on part of teachers as well as students.Result: Majority (95%) of the students studied for their assessments while 24% of them were able to reproduce whatever they had read. The reasons being lack of time (21%), lack of guidance (19%), fear of the examiner (17%), fear of failure(14%), poor time management(14%) and inappropriate text selection(11%). General behavior of the examiner at the time of assessment was confidence breaking (64%), supportive (34%) and offensive (10%). The response of the examiner on a wrong answer was insulting (49%), encouraging (29%), and silent (22%). Forty-six percent of students accepted that they are marked in the assessments according to their performance; 66% students considered assessment a learning experience; 28% called it an ordeal whereas 6% considered these both ordeals and learning experiences.Conclusion: Medical students are uneasy about assessment methodology and expectations of examiners from them