PENGARUH KECEPATAN, KELINCAHAN DAN KESEIMBANGAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DRIBBLING PEMAIN FUTSAL DI SMAN 2 SURABAYA

Abstrak Skripsi ini meneliti tentang kecepatan, kelincahan, keseimbangan dan dribble. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan, kelincahan dan keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan dribbling pemain futsal di SMAN 2 Surabaya, penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil tes yang dilakukan secara langsung Pendekatan kuantitatif di gunakan dalam penelitian ini, karena jenis penelitian in bersifat asosiatif yaitu penelitian yang bersifat penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ataupun juga hubungan antara 2 variabel atau lebih. Menurut Sugiyono (2011:7) metode ini di sebut metode kuantitatif karena data penelitian berupa angka-angka dan analisis menggunakan statistik Penelitian ini menemukan hasil dari tes kecepatan lari 20 meter rata-rata 3,29 detik, dengan t hitung 0,518 lebih kecil dari t tabel 1,753. Tes kelincahan arrowhead kanan rata-rata 10,31 detik, dengan t hitung -0,598 lebih kecil dari t tabel 1,753 dan kelincahan kiri rata-rata 10,30 detik, dengan t hitung 1,076 lebih kecil dari t tabel 1,753. Tes keseimbangan standing stork stand rata-rata 39,23 detik, dengan t hitung 3,430 lebih besar dari t tabel 1,753. Tes dribbling run rata-rata 34,92 detik, Dan hasil dari pengaruh kecepatan,kelincahan dan keseimbangan terhadap dribbling menggunakan uji f hitung 3,430 lebih besar dari f tabel 3,056. Kata Kunci : Futsal, Kecepatan, Kelincahan, Keseimbangan, dan Dribblin

Synthesis of antibacterial isocoumarins: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-alkylisocoumarins and (dl)-3-alkyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins

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RENAL CLEARANCE AND URINARY EXCRETION OF CIPROFLOXACIN IN GOATS

The renal clearance and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin were investigated in eight healthy female goats. In each animal, ciprofloxacin was administered intramuscularly at the rate of 5 mg/kg body weight. Following drug administration, blood and urine samples were collected at different time intervals and analyzed for ciprofloxacin and creatinine. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the drug concentration in the plasma and urine. The value of diuresis after single administration of ciprofloxacin was 0.073 ± 0.014 ml/min/kg. Mean (± SE) values for renal clearance of creatinine and ciprofloxacin were 1.870 ± 0.385 and 0.982 ± 0.166 ml/min/kg, respectively. The ratio between the renal clearance of ciprofloxacin and that of creatinine remained less than one, which was indicative of back diffusion. The mean (± SE) value for the cumulative percent of ciprofloxacin dose excreted at 10 hours following its intramuscular administration was 13.03 ± 2.07. Based on these results, it was evident that besides glomerular filtration, renal handling of drug involved back diffusion also. It was concluded that in local goats glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lower than that reported for their foreign counterparts

Uji Aktivitas Antimalaria In Vivo dari Beberapa Fraksi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Manggostana Linn) pada Mencit (Mus Musculus ) yang Diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium Berghei

Malaria disease is still one public health problem in the world and affect the infant mortality rate, under five and pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to recognize in vivo antimalarial activity from hexane fraction, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of mangosteen peel and the most active fraction as antimalarial. Laboratory experimental research with a post-test only with control group design and total random sampling design consists of 1 negative control group and 4 treatment groups. 75 Swiss strains which are male mice, healthy, 1.5-2.5 months of age and 20-30 gr body weight were selected randomly to exemine 3 fraction was prepared with levelized fractionated and macerated method. Each treatment group received 0.2 ml dose of drug test suspension 10; 30; 90 and 270 mg/kgBW/day orally, whereas the control group was given arabic gum suspension 0.1% on day 2 to day 4. The parameter was the percentage of parasitemia which was calculated on day 2 to 5. Statistical analysis used was one way Analysis of Variance with a 95% significance level. Parasite growth inhibition percentage data was used to determine the 50% effective dose (ED50) of each drug test dosage by probit regression analysis through SPSS for Windows version 17. The result proves that the fraction of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of mangosteen peel has antimalarial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction have better antimalarial activity with the value of ED50 63, 272 mg/KgBW among hexane and methanol fraction (ED50 1930,021 mg/KgBW; 217.616 mg/KgBW)

Survey of aflatoxins in chillies from Pakistan produced in rural, semi-rural and urban environments

Chilli peppers from Pakistan are consumed locally and also exported. Their quality is compromised by aflatoxins (AF) contamination. AF in chillies from rural, semi-rural and urban areas of the Punjab region of Pakistan were determined. Twenty-three (52.3%), 22 (50%) and 29 (65.9%) samples from rural, semi-rural and urban areas respectively, contained levels of aflatoxins which exceeded the European Union limits of >5 µg kg-1 for AFB1 and >10 µg kg-1 for total AF that apply to spices. Mean values for AFB1 in ground samples were 23.8, 14.8 and 14.0 µg kg-1 for rural, semi-rural and urban areas, respectively. Mean total AF in ground samples were 27.7, 17.7 and 16.2 µg kg-1 from equivalent locations. Eleven (50%), 12 (54.5%) and 14 (63.6%) whole samples from rural, semi-rural and urban areas, respectively, contained total levels of AF that exceeded European Union limits. The data indicate that individual localities have particular problems. In conclusion, the concentrations were often greater than the statutory limits set by the European Union.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, under Indigenous PhD fellowship 5000 batch-III (Grant Number 063-00445-Ps3-047). R.R.M.P. is grateful for the FCT framework position: Commitment to Science (C2008-UMIN-HO-CEB-2)

Short-Term Prediction of COVID-19 Using Novel Hybrid Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Error Trend Seasonal Model

In this article, a new hybrid time series model is proposed to predict COVID-19 daily confirmed cases and deaths. Due to the variations and complexity in the data, it is very difficult to predict its future trajectory using linear time series or mathematical models. In this research article, a novel hybrid ensemble empirical mode decomposition and error trend seasonal (EEMD-ETS) model has been developed to forecast the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed hybrid model decomposes the complex, nonlinear, and nonstationary data into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from low to high frequencies, and a single monotone residue by applying EEMD. The stationarity of each IMF component is checked with the help of the augmented Dicky–Fuller (ADF) test and is then used to build up the EEMD-ETS model, and finally, future predictions have been obtained from the proposed hybrid model. For illustration purposes and to check the performance of the proposed model, four datasets of daily confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), and France have been used. Similarly, four different statistical metrics, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE), symmetric mean absolute parentage error (sMAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) have been used for a comparison of different time series models. It is evident from the results that the proposed hybrid EEMD-ETS model outperforms the other time series and machine learning models. Hence, it is worthy to be used as an effective model for the prediction of COVID-19

Aflatoxin B1 in chilies from the Punjab region, Pakistan

The occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in chilies from Pakistan was determined by using HPLC in work undertaken in Pakistan.Whole (n=22) and powdered (n=22) chilies were analyzed. Sixteen (73.0%) and 19 (86.4%) samples of whole and ground chilies, respectively, were contaminated. The mean concentration in powdered chilies (32.20 μg/kg) was higher statistically than in whole chilies (24.69 μg/kg). Concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 89.56 μg/ kg for powdered chilies, compared with 0.00–96.3 μg/kg for whole chilies. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.05 μg/kg and 0.53 μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations were high in general and greater than the statutory limit set by the European Union. There is considerable scope for improvements in chili production in Pakistan.Higher Education Commission, PakistanFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Thermal and kinetic analysis of diverse biomass fuels under different reaction environment: A way forward to renewable energy sources

This study investigates the thermal and kinetic analysis of six diverse biomass fuels, in order to provide valuable information for power and energy generation. Pyrolytic, combustion and kinetic analyses of barley straw, miscanthus, waste wood, wheat straw, short rotation coppicing (SRC) willow and wood pellet were examined by non-isothermal thermogravimetry analyser (TGA), differential thermogravimetric (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Biomass fuels were thermally degraded under N2, air, CO2 and the selected oxy-fuel (30% O2/70% CO2) reaction environments. The thermal degradation under inert N2 and CO2 atmospheres showed an almost identical rate of weight loss (R), reactivity (RM × 103) and activation energy (Ea) profiles. Similar profiles for R, RM and Ea were observed for the environments under air (21% O2/79% N2) and the oxy-fuel combustion. Results indicated that the thermal decomposition rate for biomass fuels in an oxidising condition was faster than in an inert atmosphere, favourable effect on thermal degradation of biomass fuels was observed when oxygen content increased from 21 to 30%. Higher activation energies with lower reactivity were observed for the biomass fuels that have low cellulosic contents as compared to the other fuels. Regression analysis confirmed that the reaction order 0.5 modelled fitted well for all biomass samples. All these findings will provide valuable information and promote the advancement of future researches in this field

TEMPORAL DENSITY OF TRICHOSTRONGYLID LARVAE ON A COMMUNAL PASTURE IN A SUB-TROPICAL REGION OF PAKISTAN

Seasonal density of trichostrongylid nematode larvae was investigated on a pasture used for communal grazing of livestock, using standard procedure of pasture larval count. For this purpose, herbage samples were collected from a posture near Faisalabad at fortnightly intervals over a 12 month period from July 2000 to June 2001. The larvae of Haemonchus (H) contortus, Trichostrongylus species, Ostertagia species and Cooperia (C) curticei were recorded from the pasture throughout the year. However, the nature and intensity of larval contamination varied among different months. H. contortus larvae were in the highest numbers, followed by those of Trichostrongylus species, C. curticei and Ostertagia species. A trend of higher contamination of pasture was found during February to April, which coincides with the lambing season of sheep and goats; and July to September which is normally monsoon in the study area. Standard pasture management integrated with strategic treatments of sheep and goats for nematode infections are suggested