The Role of Self-Attitude in the Personal and Professional Development of High School Students

Introduction. The instability of the modern world with its rapidly changing social and economic realities requires the readiness of a person for self-change. For this reason, along with vocational education, higher education has to include the programmes to form future experts’ skills of professional self-development, which success depends on many circumstances, including self-attitude. The aim of the research presented in the publication was to define the role of self-attitude in personal and professional self-development of students in the course of their professional training in higher education institution.Methodology and research methods. Empirical methods were employed in the course of the research. The complex of psycho-diagnostic techniques was used: test-questionnaire of self-attitude by V. V. Stolin and S. R. Pantileev; tests: Life-Purpose Orientations Test by D. A. Leontiev, The General Self-Efficacy Scale by M. Jerusalem, R. Schwarzer and V. Romek, Assessment of Self-Control in Communication by M. Snyder; questionnaires: Personal Orientation Inventory by E. L. Shostrom, Ability to Self-Development by V. I. Zvereva, Willingness to SelfKnowledge and Self-Development by T. A. Ratanova and N. F. Shlyahta, Determination of level of reflexivity development by A. V. Karpov, Style of Self-Regulation Behaviour of Students by V. I. Morosanova. The obtained respondents’ responses (n = 110) were processed using methods of mathematical statistics, such as correlation and cluster analysis.Results and scientific novelty. Different theoretical approaches to the problem of self-attitude highlighted in the scientific literature are considered. The affective and cognitive components of self-attitude are emphasised. Significant correlation relationships between the characteristics of self-attitude and level of motivational readiness for self-knowledge and self-development of 2nd-4th-year students-psychologists of N. P. Ogarev Mordovia State University have been revealed. It appears to be rather attributed by the fact that the attitude of students towards themselves in many respects is defined by the level of formation of their reflexive and regulatory qualities, understanding of the purpose and meaning of life, confidence in the professional success, which provide an incentive for self-change and self-improvement. The conducted cluster analysis allowed the authors to group the students around different levels of professional self-attitude and self-development (very high, high average and stagnant). The results of the research show that positive self-attitude is one of the important factors in self-development. The process of awareness of self-worth encourages the person to periodically reflect on career prospects and implementation of plans, providing the grounds for creative self-realisation. Practical significance. The results obtained can be used by teachers and psychologists of higher educational institutions to organise psycho-pedagogical support for personal and professional self-development of students.Введение. Нестабильность современного мира с его стремительно преображающимися социальными и экономическими реалиями требует готовности человека к самоизменению. По этой причине высшее образование помимо профессионального обучения должно включать программы, формирующие у будущих специалистов умения и навыки профессионального саморазвития, успешность которого зависит от многих обстоятельств, в том числе от отношения индивида к самому себе. Цель представленного в статье исследования – обозначить роль самоотношения в личностном и профессиональном саморазвитии студентов в период их обучения в вузе. Методы и методики. Работа выполнялась при помощи эмпирических методов. Использовался комплекс психодиагностических методик: тест-опросник cамоотношения В. В. Столина и С. Р. Пантилеева; тесты: смысложизненных ориентаций Д. А. Леонтьева, «Шкала общей самоэффективности» М. Ерусалема, В. Ромека и Р. Шварцера, «Оценка самоконтроля в общении» М. Снайдера; опросники: личностной ориентации А. Шострома, «Способность к саморазвитию» И. В. Зверевой, «Готовность к самопознанию и саморазвитию» Т. А. Ратановой и Н. Ф. Шляхта, определения уровня развития рефлексивности А. В. Карпова, «Стиль саморегуляции поведения студентов» В. И. Моросановой. Для обработки ответов респондентов (n = 110) применялись методы математической статистики – корреляционный и кластерный виды анализа. Результаты и научная новизна. Рассмотрены различные теоретические подходы к проблеме самоотношения, освещенные в научной литературе. Особо выделены аффективные и когнитивные составляющие данного феномена. Обследование выборки студентов-психологов, обучающихся на 2–4-м курсах Мордовского государственного университета им. Н. П. Огарева, обнаружило значимые корреляционные взаимосвязи между характеристиками самоотношения и мотивационной готовностью к самопознанию и саморазвитию. Этот факт, очевидно, объясняется тем, что отношение студентов к себе во многом определяется уровнем сформированности их рефлексивных и регулятивных качеств, осознанием цели и смысла жизни, уверенностью в своей профессиональной успешности, которые служат стимулом к самоизменению и самосовершенствованию. Проведенный кластерный анализ позволил распределить участников опросов на группы в зависимости от их уровня самоотношения и профессионального саморазвития (очень высокого, высокого среднего и стагнирующего). Описана специфика каждой группы. Сделан вывод о том, что позитивное самоотношение является одним из решающих факторов профессионального роста индивида, поскольку осознание собственной ценности побуждает человека рефлексировать по поводу карьерных перспектив и стремиться к осуществлению своих планов, создает предпосылки для творческой самореализации. Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы преподавателями высших учебных заведений для организации психолого-педагогического сопровождения процессов личностного и профессионального развития студентов

Paper and electronic versions of HM-PRO, a novel patient-reported outcome measure for hematology: an equivalence study.

© 2019 Goswami, Oliva, Ionova et al.Aim:To determine measurement equivalence of paper and electronic application of the hematologi-cal malignancy-patient-reported outcome (HM-PRO), a specific measure for the evaluation of patient-reported outcomes in HMs.Patients & methods:Following International Society of Pharmacoeconomicsand Outcomes Research ePRO Good Research Practice Task Force guidelines, a total of 193 adult patientswith different HMs were recruited into a multicenter prospective study. The paper and the electronic ver-sion of the instrument were completed in the outpatient clinics in a randomized crossover design with a30-min time interval to minimize the learning effect. Those who completed the paper version first, com-pleted the electronic version after 30 min and vice versa. Instrument version and order effects were testedon total score of the two parts of the HM-PRO (Part A: quality of life and Part B: signs & symptoms) in atwo-way ANOVA with patients as random effects. Intraclass correlation coefficients (95% CI) and Spear-man’s rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate test–retest reliability and reproducibility. Theeffects of instrument version and order were tested on total score of the two parts of HM-PRO.Results:The questionnaire version and administration order effects were not significant at the 5% level. Therewere no interactions found between these two factors for HM-PRO (Part A [quality of life]; p=0.95); and(part B [signs and symptoms]; p=0.72]. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9, andintraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.94 to 0.98; furthermore, the scores were not statisticallydifferent between the two versions, showing acceptable reliability indexes. Noteworthy, the differencebetween the completion time for both paper (mean=6:38 min) and electronic version (mean=7:29 min)was not statistically significant (n=100; p=0.11). Patients did not report any difficulty in completing theelectronic version during cognitive interviews and were able to understand and respond spontaneously.Conclusion:Measurement equivalence has been demonstrated for the paper and electronic applicationof the HM-PRO.Peer reviewe

Профессиональное выгорание, особенности качества жизни и психологические проблемы у врачей — анестезиологов-реаниматологов в современных условиях после пандемии COVID-19: результаты интернет-опроса

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Крайне уязвимой группой медицинских специалистов, в большей степени подверженных профессиональному стрессу в условиях пандемии COVID-19, являются врачи — анестезиологи-реаниматологи. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Изучение степени выраженности синдрома профессионального выгорания (ПВ), особенностей качества жизни и психологических проблем у врачей — анестезиологов-реаниматологов, работающих в условиях современного стационара, а также определение факторов риска ПВ этих специалистов. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В рамках интернет-опроса врачи заполняли опросный лист, включающий анкету с вопросами, а также опросник оценки профессионального выгорания MBI, опросник оценки качества жизни WHOQOL-BREF и Госпитальную шкалу тревоги и депрессии HADS. В рамках анализа проводили парные или множественные сравнения, а также корреляционный и регрессионный анализ. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: В онлайн-опросе участвовал 101 врач (средний возраст 38,3 ± 9,8 года, 54,5 % — женщины). Во время пандемии в «красной зоне» работали 68,3 % специалистов. В результате исследования установлено, что сформированный синдром ПВ или его признаки наблюдались через 2 года после начала пандемии у 75 % опрошенных специалистов: у 27 % он был сформирован, а у 48 % отмечались его признаки. Низкие показатели основных аспектов качества жизни — физического, психологического и социального благополучия — выявлены у 1/3 врачей, около трети специалистов имели пограничный или повышенный уровень тревоги/депрессии. Работа в «красной зоне» и повышенный уровень депрессии увеличивают вероятность ПВ, а хороший уровень социального благополучия ее понижает. ВЫВОДЫ: Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в дальнейшем для разработки научно обоснованных практических рекомендаций по профилактике синдрома ПВ и нарушений в психосоциальной сфере у врачей — анестезиологов-реаниматологов. Для профилактики развития синдрома ПВ у специалистов этого профиля и своевременного выявления специалистов, относящихся к группе риска по формированию ПВ, рекомендовано проведение периодических скрининговых обследований

Changes in cortical bone response to high-fat diet from adolescence to adulthood in mice

UnlabelledDiabetic obesity is associated with increased fracture risk in adults and adolescents. We find in both adolescent and adult mice dramatically inferior mechanical properties and structural quality of cortical bone, in agreement with the human fracture data, although some aspects of the response to obesity appear to differ by age.IntroductionThe association of obesity with bone is complex and varies with age. Diabetic obese adolescents and adult humans have increased fracture risk. Prior studies have shown reduced mechanical properties as a result of high-fat diet (HFD) but do not fully address size-independent mechanical properties or structural quality, which are important to understand material behavior.MethodsCortical bone from femurs and tibiae from two age groups of C57BL/6 mice fed either HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) were evaluated for structural and bone turnover changes (SEM and histomorphometry) and tested for bending strength, bending stiffness, and fracture toughness. Leptin, IGF-I, and non-enzymatic glycation measurements were also collected.ResultsIn both young and adult mice fed on HFD, femoral strength, stiffness, and toughness are all dramatically lower than controls. Inferior lamellar and osteocyte alignment also point to reduced structural quality in both age groups. Bone size was largely unaffected by HFD, although there was a shift from increasing bone size in obese adolescents to decreasing in adults. IGF-I levels were lower in young obese mice only.ConclusionsWhile the response to obesity of murine cortical bone mass, bone formation, and hormonal changes appear to differ by age, the bone mechanical properties for young and adult groups are similar. In agreement with human fracture trends, adult mice may be similarly susceptible to bone fracture to the young group, although cortical bone in the two age groups responds to diabetic obesity differently

Quality-of-life issues and symptoms reported by patients living with haematological malignancy: a qualitative study

Background: Our aim was to identify health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) issues and symptoms in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) and develop a conceptual framework to reflect the inter-relation between them. / Methods: A total of 129 patients with HMs were interviewed in a UK multicentre qualitative study. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using NVivo-11. / Results: Overall, 34 issues were reported by patients and were grouped into two parts: quality of life (QoL) and symptoms. The most prevalent HRQoL issues were: eating and drinking habits; social life; physical activity; sleep; and psychological well-being. Furthermore, most prevalent disease-related symptoms were: tiredness; feeling unwell; breathlessness; lack of energy; and back pain. The most prevalent treatment side effects were: tiredness; feeling sick; disturbance in sense of taste; and breathlessness. / Conclusions: Both HMs and their treatments have a significant impact on patients’ HRQoL, in particular on issues such as job-role change, body image and impact on finances

Development of a Novel Hematological Malignancy Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (HM-PRO) : Content Validity

Copyright © 2020 Goswami, Oliva, Ionova, Else, Kell, Fielding, Jennings, Karakantza, Al-Ismail, Collins, McConnell, Langton and Salek.Background: The quality of life of patients at all stages of hematological malignancy is greatly affected by the disease and its treatment. There is a wide range of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues important to these patients. Any new instrument developed to measure HRQoL of such patients should be content valid, i.e., the items should be comprehensively relevant to the patients and their health condition. The aim of the present study was to examine content validity of a hematological malignancy specific patient reported outcome measure (HM-PRO) developed for use in routine clinical practice. Methods: Following literature review and semi-structured interviews, the generated themes and sub-themes were discussed to develop the prototype version of the HM-PRO. A 4-step approach was used for content validation: initial testing and cognitive interviewing; item rating; content validity panel meeting; final field testing and cognitive interviewing. Additional questions related to patients' perception of recall period and preferred sentence structure (i.e., question or statement) of the items were also asked during cognitive interviews. Results: The content analysis of 129 transcribed semi-structured interviews resulted in the prototype version of the instrument consisting of 58 items grouped into two parts: Part A (impact/HRQoL - 34 items) and Part B (signs and symptoms - 24 items). The initial testing showed intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of >0.8 for both Part A and Part B. Item rating for language clarity, completeness, relevance, and response scale by experts and patients showed content validity index for scales average >0.8 for both Part A and Part B, except 0.64 for relevance for Part A by the patient panel. The final testing of the revised version of the instrument showed the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.91 for Part A and 0.76 for Part B, suggesting high internal consistency, and ICC of 0.91 for Part A and 0.76 for Part B. The recall period of "today" for Part-A and "last 3 days" for Part-B were the patients' preferred "recall period." Furthermore, the patients expressed preference to the HM-PRO items as statements. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm that the HM-PRO possesses a strong content validity, includes all the issues important to patients and is easy to read, understand and respond to spontaneously.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Highly site-specific H2 adsorption on vicinal Si(001) surfaces

Experimental and theoretical results for the dissociative adsorption of H_2 on vicinal Si(001) surfaces are presented. Using optical second-harmonic generation, sticking probabilities at the step sites are found to exceed those on the terraces by up to six orders of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations indicate the presence of direct adsorption pathways for monohydride formation but with a dramatically lowered barrier for step adsorption due to an efficient rehybridization of dangling orbitals.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (1998). Other related publications can be found at http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm

Microscopic theory of quadrupolar ordering in TmTe

We have calculated the crystal electric field of TmTe (T>T_Q) and have obtained that the ground state of a Tm 4f hole is the $\Gamma_7$ doublet in agreement with Mossbauer experiments. We study the quadrupole interactions arising from quantum transitions of 4f holes of Tm. An effective attraction is found at the L point of the Brillouin zone, $\vec{q}_L$. Assuming that the quadrupolar condensation involves a single arm of $\vec{q}_L$ we show that there are two variants for quadrupole ordering which are described by the space groups C2/c and C2/m. The Landau free energy is derived in mean-field theory. The phase transition is of second order. The corresponding quadrupole order parameters are combinations of $T_{2g}$ and $E_g$ components. The obtained domain structure is in agreement with observations from neutron diffraction studies for TmTe. Calculated lattice distortions are found to be different for the two variants of quadrupole ordering. We suggest to measure lattice displacements in order to discriminate between those two structures.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables; accepted by PR

Highly efficient separation of actinides from lanthanides by a phenanthroline-derived bis-triazine ligand

The synthesis, lanthanide complexation, and solvent ex- traction of actinide(III) and lanthanide(III) radiotracers from nitric acid solutions by a phenanthroline-derived quadridentate bis-triazine ligand are described. The ligand separates Am(III) and Cm(III) from the lanthanides with remarkably high efficiency, high selectivity, and fast extraction kinetics compared to its 2,2'-bipyridine counterpart. Structures of the 1:2 bis-complexes of the ligand with Eu(III) and Yb(III) were elucidated by X-ray crystallography and force field calculations, respec-tively. The Eu(III) bis-complex is the first 1:2 bis-complex of a quadridentate bis-triazine ligand to be characterized by crystallography. The faster rates of extraction were verified by kinetics measurements using the rotating membrane cell technique in several diluents. The improved kinetics of metal ion extraction are related to the higher surface activity of the ligand at the phase interface. The improvement in the ligand's properties on replacing the bipyridine unit with a phenanthroline unit far exceeds what was anticipated based on ligand design alone