42 research outputs found
Topology change from Kaluza-Klein dimensions
In this letter we show that in a Kaluza-Klein framework we can have arbitrary
topology change between the macroscopic (i.e. noncompactified) spacelike
3-hypersurfaces. This is achieved by using the compactified dimensions as a
catalyser for topology change. In the case of odd-dimensional spacetimes (such
as the 11-dimensional M-theory) this is always possible. In the
even-dimensional case, a sufficient condition is the existence of a closed,
odd-dimensional manifold as a factor (such as S^1, S^3) in the Kaluza-Klein
sector. Since one of the most common manifolds used for compactification is the
torus T^k = S^1 \times ... \times S^1, in this case we can again induce an
arbitrary topology change on the 3-hypersurfaces.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX, no figures, uses eps
Schr\"odinger's Cat: Where Does The Entanglement Come From?
Schr\"odinger's cat is one of the most striking paradoxes of quantum
mechanics that reveals the counterintuitive aspects of the microscopic world.
Here, I discuss the paradox in the framework of quantum information. Using a
quantum networks formalism, I analyse the information flow between the atom and
the cat. This reveals that the atom and the cat are connected only through a
classical information channel: the detector clicks the poison is
released the cat is killed. No amount of local operations and
classical communication can entangle the atom and the cat, which are initially
in a separable state. This casts a new light on the paradox
Proposal for a quantum delayed-choice experiment
Gedanken experiments are important conceptual tools in the quest to reconcile
our classical intuition with quantum mechanics and nowadays are routinely
performed in the laboratory. An important open question is the quantum
behaviour of the controlling devices in such experiments. We propose a
framework to analyse quantum-controlled experiments and illustrate the
implications by discussing a quantum version of Wheeler's delayed-choice
experiment. The introduction of a quantum-controlled device (i.e., quantum
beamsplitter) has several consequences. First, it implies that we can measure
complementary phenomena with a single experimental setup, thus pointing to a
redefinition of complementarity principle. Second, a quantum control allows us
to prove there are no consistent hidden-variable theories in which "particle"
and "wave" are realistic properties. Finally, it shows that a photon can have a
morphing behaviour between "particle" and "wave"; this further supports the
conclusion that "particle" and "wave" are not realistic properties but merely
reflect how we 'look' at the photon. The framework developed here can be
extended to other experiments, particularly to Bell-inequality tests
Entangling spins by measuring charge: a parity-gate toolbox
The parity gate emerged recently as a promising resource for performing
universal quantum computation with fermions using only linear interactions.
Here we analyse the parity gate (P-gate) from a theoretical point of view in
the context of quantum networks. We present several schemes for entanglement
generation with P-gates and show that native networks simplify considerably the
resources required for producing multi-qubit entanglement, like n-GHZ states.
Other applications include a Bell-state analyser and teleportation. We also
show that cluster state fusion can be performed deterministically with parity
measurements. We then extend this analysis to hybrid quantum networks
containing spin and mode qubits. Starting from an easy-to-prepare resource
(spin-mode entanglement of single electrons) we show how to produce a spin
n-GHZ state with linear elements (beam-splitters and local spin-flips) and
charge-parity detectors; this state can be used as a resource in a spin quantum
computer or as a precursor for constructing cluster states. Finally, we
construct a novel spin CZ-gate by using the mode degrees of freedom as
ancillae.Comment: updated to the published versio
Interferometric mass spectrometry
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a widely-used technique with multiple
applications, including geology, molecular biology and archeology. Although
extremely precise, AMS requires tandem accelerators and bulky magnets which
confines it to large laboratories. Here we propose interferometric mass
spectrometry (IMS), a novel method of mass separation which uses quantum
interference. IMS employs the wave-like properties of the samples, and as such
is complementary to AMS, in which samples are particle-like. This
complementarity has two significant consequences: (i) in IMS separation is
performed according to the absolute mass , and not to the mass-to-charge
ratio , as in AMS; (ii) in IMS the samples are in the low-velocity regime,
in contrast to the high-velocity regime used in AMS. Potential applications of
IMS are compact devices for mobile applications, sensitive molecules that break
at the acceleration stage and neutral samples which are difficult to ionise
Quantum Computation with Ballistic Electrons
We describe a solid state implementation of a quantum computer using
ballistic single electrons as flying qubits in 1D nanowires. We show how to
implement all the steps required for universal quantum computation: preparation
of the initial state, measurement of the final state and a universal set of
quantum gates. An important advantage of this model is the fact that we do not
need ultrafast optoelectronics for gate operations. We use cold programming (or
pre-programming), i.e., the gates are set before launching the electrons; all
programming can be done using static electric fields only.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX4, 5 figures, uses epsf, latexsym, time