CLASIFICAREA ACTELOR CODIFICATE

In this article, authors analyze different models of codified acts. In carrying out this classification, several features of the codified documents emerged and were presented in a light conducive to study. The authors provide a practical example of doctrinal concepts, based on their empirical observations, with the relevant example for our legal system. Despite the multitude of scientific proposals, the classifications presented in the article are far from exhaustive, but are a theoretical-doctrinal exercise, aimed at systematizing knowledge about the nature and features of codified acts. Finally, the authors conclude that codes are the only form of codified act recognized by national law, although other forms are known in foreign legal systems. Without prejudice to the legal nature of codes and other classified acts, they may be doctrinally classified according to various criteria, which simplifies the understanding of their essence and contributes to their practical application

An incineration burial in metal urn (2nd-3rd c. AD) discovered at Iagorlâc, Dubăsari

Systematic archaeological research and surveys carried out over the last decades in the eastern regions of the Oriental Carpathians have led to the accumulation of important vestiges of the last centuries of the old era and the first centuries of the new era. The inclusion of the materials discovered in settlements and necropoleis in the scientific circuit allowed the reconstruction of new aspects of the economic, social and political life of the local communities, of their relations with the populations that periodically penetrated the Northwestern Pontic space, coming from the west, north or east

Participarea studenților la cercetările arheologice de la cetatea Soroca. Campania 2015

Student participation in archaeological excavations in the city of Soroca. campaign 201

Amulete-călăreţi din bronz din perioada medievală timpurie în spaţiul carpato-nistrean / Early medieval bronze amulets representing horsemen from the Carpathian-Dniester region

Among the materials related to the early Middle Ages in the Carpathian-Dniester region, which have been discovered during archaeological excavations and reconnaissance, as well as among chance finds there are bronze amulets depicting a rider on a horse. The area of distribution of these bronze figures of riders includes extensive regions, starting from the North Caucasus and the middle reaches of the Don in the East to Central and South-Eastern Europe in the West. Most of the finds were discovered in the south of Russia, in Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia and Hungary. On the territory of the Prut-Dniester region (Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) it was found 24 bronze figures of riders belonging to different typological models. They were found in the following settlements: Hansca (Ialoveni District) - 3 figures, Păhărniceni-Petruha - 2 objects, Lucăşeuca and Furceni (Orhei District), Ocniţa (Ocniţa district), Briceni - 2 objects, Caracuşenii Noi (Briceni District), Popeştii de Sus (Drochia District), Tătărăuca Veche - 2 objects, Balinţi and Inundeni (Soroca District), Tarasova (Rezina District), Rezeni (Ialoveni District), Porumbrei and Schinoşica (Cimişlia District), Enichioi (Cantemir District), Dezghingea and Capaclia (Gagauzia) and Bolgrad (Odessa region). Seven bronze figures, presented at «Violity» Auction & Antiques in Kiev, may also be originated from the Prut-Dniester region

A cremation burial of a horseman near the village of Mana (the Orhei district) / Un mormânt de incineraţie al unui călăreţ războinic descoperit lângă satul Mana (Orhei)

In 2011 the National Museum of History of Moldova came into possession of a lot of important archaeological pieces. The composition of the set of artifacts were - bronze situla, ceramic tureen-lid; iron sword and sheath; iron spearhead; iron shield umbo, circular in plan and pyramidal in section; double spiral iron bracelet with cufflinks terminations, an iron ring with side button to which was added an iron clamp – made us assume that they are part of the inventory of a cremation grave of a horseman warrior. Anthropological study of cremated bones made it clear that the tomb belonged to a young man of about 14-16 years

Despre mormântul de incineraţie în situlă de bronz de la Sipoteni (sec. II-I a. Chr.) / Cremated remains in bronze situla from Sipoteni (2nd-1st centuries BC)

In the work on the materials of a cremation burial in bronze situla of the 2nd-1st centuries BC, which was found in Mana village (Orhei district), we have taken for comparative and anthropological analysis remains of calcined bones from the burial in situla from Sipoteni (Călăraşi district) published in 1950s. Osteological research of the contents of the bronze vessel from Sipoteni showed that the remains belonged to a man 20-30 years old. In the burial urn a fragment of a black-burnished vessel, a silver fi bula of the Middle La Tene type, an iron ring, and an amorphous iron object were found. The grave goods also contain a bronze situla, identical in shape and size, which was found near the funeral urn. Researches attributed the Sipoteni burial to the 2nd-1st centuries BC, a period of domination of Bastarnae tribes in the central and northern part of the Carpathian-Dniester region. Our own comparative analysis of this type of bronze vessels showed that they are similar with identical containers from the Middle Danube sites, as well as from northern Italy, southern France and Spain, which were used by Celtic tribes as funeral urns. To the east of the Carpathians identical bronze vessels were found in the village of Mana, at the site of Bădeni (Iaşi), and as part of the so-called odd hoards from Bădragii Noi, Vesela Dolina, and Maryevka (in the region from the Eastern Carpathians to the Dnieper and the Don at least 50 so-called hoards were found), including ones in the bronze vessels, which we have mentioned. Some researchers’ attempts to attribute the situlae from Sipoteni, Bădragii Noi, Vesela Dolina, Maryevka, etc. to the type of Eggers 18-23 or the type of Bargfeld seem to us to fail, because these bronze vessels have slender shape, riveted bronze or iron attaches and the maximum diameter of the vessels is at the height of the fourth part. The East Carpathian situlae are of less slender proportions, and the largest diameter is located at the third part of the height of the vessels. In addition, the East Carpathian vessels have no trace of riveted attaches. They either have a different system of handles attachment or have no traces of them. Morphological features of bronze situlae found to the east of the Carpathians made it possible to attribute vessels without handles and attaches or traces of rivets to a special type – the type of Mana, and bronze containers with mobile iron handles – to the Bădragii Noi variant of the same type. Most researchers dated the bronze situlae within the 1st century BC. Analysis of the grave goods from the cremation burial complexes identified at Sipoteni and Mana (bronze situlae, silver fibula, weapons of Celtic type, etc.), as well as analysis of objects from odd hoards confirm that they belong to the 1st century BC, likely to the first half of this chronological interval

Noi descoperiri arheologice din epoca fierului în preajma satului Mana, raionul Orhei / New archaeological discoveries of the Iron Age sites near the village of Mana, Orhei District

As a result of archaeological investigations carried out in June 2015 near the village of Mana, there were found three fortified settlements: Mana III, Mana IV, and Mana V. The hill fort of Mana III, an area of about 0,18 ha, is located on the promontory at a distance of 1 km south of the village. From the east and west sides the fort was protected by steep slopes of the promontory, and from the north and south sides – by “ramparts” and ditches. On the surface of the settlement there were found fragments of the Thraco-Getic hand-made pottery and fragments of Greek amphorae, due to which the settlement can be attributed to the Thraco-Getic period. Also, at the site there was investigated a cremation burial typical for the Poieneşti-Lukashevka culture

Preliminary data on a child’s grave discovered in the Paleolithic site of Cosăuţi (Republic of Moldova)

This paper presents the preliminary results of a comprehensive study of the burial discovered during the investigations of the Upper Paleolithic site at Cosăuţi by the expedition led by Ilie Borziac. Due to various circumstances, the burial remained virtually unexplored until present. The article presents the main results of a preliminary study of skeletal remains that was carried out by an international, Moldavian-Romanian, group of researchers

Preliminary data on the child’s tomb discovered in the Paleolithic site of Cosăuţi (Republic of Moldova)

The study presents an exceptional anthropological discovery made in 1987 in the upper paleolithic site from Cosăuţi by Ilie Borziac. Due to unfavorable circumstances, the child's tomb remained properly unexploited scientific until present. Are given the preliminary results obtained by interdisciplinary research team formed especially for conservation and investigation the child's tomb from Cosăuţi.Văleanu Mădălin-Cornel, Bejenaru Luminiţa, Covalenco Serghei, Tentiuc Ion, Burlacu Vitalie, Lacătuşu Codrin. Preliminary data on the child’s tomb discovered in the Paleolithic site of Cosăuţi (Republic of Moldova). In: Annales d'Université "Valahia" Târgovişte. Section d'Archéologie et d'Histoire, Tome 16, Numéro 2, 2014. pp. 7-15