Sistemul financiar-bancar in era Next Generation EU

The global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has triggered an unprecedented crisis, creating social, political, economic and financial challenges for both Europe and the rest of the world. Faced with all these challenges, governments have implemented ambitious measures to support companies and households. Micro and macro prudential authorities have complemented these efforts, in particular by sending a strong signal to banking institutions to use existing capital buffers in order to continue to provide essential financial services and absorb losses, while avoiding a sudden and excessive reduction in lending, which would be detrimental to the economy. Support from governments and prudential authorities, together with monetary policy measures at European level, has maintained financial stability. Credit risk must be a key priority for the relevant authorities. Ensuring that problematic exposures are properly managed and in a timely manner will be essential to prevent the accumulation of non-performing loans. It is also important for banks to consider all available information and to develop new alternative credit risk indicators that take into account the economic environment, the implementation of moratoriums and other support schemes

Preventive Attitudes Regarding Infection Control in the Dental Offices in Iaşi And Botoşani Counties. Comparative Evaluations

Infection control and safety in the dental office represent an essential part of modern dentistry. Aim The study aims to provide comparative evaluation of dentists’ compliance to infection control protocols in Iasi and Botosani counties from Moldavia region of Romania. Methods A cross-sectional study was initiated during January and February 2011 including 66 dentists aged between 25 and 65 years. Information was gathered using a 12-item questionnaire containing questions with one or with many possible answers. Data were statistically analysed using the SPSS 14.0 program and compared with chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results The majority of the dentists work in private individual dental offices (51.5% in Iasi County and 33.3% in Botosani County). Most of the subjects work 4 to 7 hours a day (72.1% in Iasi and 45.2% in Botosani). 33.3% of the dentists from Botosani and 29.1% from Iasi declare that they work with a dental assistant. High percentages of dentists (83.3% in Botosani and 91.6% in Iasi) consider that the equipment for individual protection should be the same and complete, irrespective of the patient’s medical status or required dental treatment. 95.2% of the dentists in Botosani and all of the dentists in Iasi use latex gloves, 92.8% in Botosani and100% in Iasi wear protective mask. In most of the dental offices (87.5% in Iasi, 80.8% in Botosani) the sterilisation is performed using dry heat – Pupinel. The majority of the subjects (64.2% in Botosani and 62.5 % in Iasi) perform hands hygiene when is necessary. The UV lamps are used in 14.2% of the dental offices in Botosani and 12.5% in Iasi. For the dental unit water decontamination the dentists use germicide agents in percentage of 16.6% in Iasi and 24.0% in Botosani. Conclusion Important efforts are necessary in order to improve availability of safety equipment and promote a safety culture in the dental offices. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the European Project “Ergonomics, prevention and performant management in dental medicine by adopting European standards” Contract: POSDRU/81/3.2/S/55651, 2010- 2013 – Project funded by European Social Fond “Invest in People

Assessment Of Oro-Dental Health Status Using The Cao And Egohid Indexes At The Young People

CAO and CAOS epidemiological indices provide significant information for an overview assessment of dental health but can not make a nuanced type of carious lesions and involvement of the need for treatment. EGOHID system of clinical assessment and restoration of carious lesions provide evidence on lesion topography guided us on the degree of dental damage in motivating action supporting our dental health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative in terms of dental health indices CAO, CAOS and EGOHID system. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 122 subjects with a mean age 23.53 years in which data were collected on the type of carious lesion and the type of restoration. Data were collected by clinical examination and observation files recorded according to codes. All patients in the study were informed verbally about the purpose of the study noting their consent. Statistical data processing was performed with SPSS 14.00 for Windows fixing the threshold of statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05. Results and discussion: Comparative analysis of two systems of assessment revealed that significant differences p ≤ 0.05 for the system of assessment of dental status in the system component EGOHID carious lesions, lesion assessment is accomplished underestimated component CS of CAOS index showing an average of 4.42 (± 4.132) compared with EGOHID-C is the index of the cavity showing an average of 10.38 (± 7.484). Conclusion: Data obtained through evaluation of dental caries is higher, providing a concrete image of the orientation dentistry, early diagnosis of dental caries, treatment and hence the technicallity and restorative treatments

EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION OF CARIES EXPERIENCE WITH SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN FROM IASI, ROMANIA

Aim of the study To explore the relationship between sociodemographic and oral health behavioural factors with dental caries experience in 6-8- and 11-13-year-old schoolchildren from Iasi. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 306 in first grade and 278 in sixth grade children was conducted in Iasi in 2012. Information on child socio-demographic characteristics and dental behaviours was collected through questionnaires. Clinical examinations were performed by one trained dentist using the ICDAS II system and caries experience was measured using dmfs/DMFS index. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Silness and Loe plaque index. The association of sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and oral hygiene status with caries experience (dmfs/DMFS) was assessed using negative binominal regression models. Results: For 6-8 years old children, socio-economical position, sugary food consumption between meals, treatment and dental pain as reason for the last dental visit and oral hygiene status were found to be significantly associated with dental caries experience in both unadjusted and adjusted models. For 11-13 years old children, oral health status and relatives supervision when child not at school were strongly associated with high levels of caries experience, while all the other factor were not significantly associate with caries experience in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and behavioural variables and oral hygiene status were found to be risk factors for caries experience in 6-8-yr-old children, while the first two indicators were not significantly associated in 11-13-yr-old children. Epidemiological data can be used for improved public oral health service planning and resource allocation within the region. Future oral health promotion and education programmes should address these risk factors for dental caries experience

Dental Patients’ Involvement In Infection Control: Educational Aspects

The dental patients’ education regarding the involvement in their own health care, based on the evaluation of their attitudes and knowledge in infection control represents a strategy to strengthen the safety of the dental treatment. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dental patients towards cross-infection control measures in dental practices; Materials and methods. To assess the patients’ approach a questionnaire-based survey was initiated, a total of 110 patients aged between 16 and 68 years being interviewed. Data was processed using SPSS 15.0 in terms of age, gender and level of education. Results: 83.6% of the patients trust the medical staff taking into account that it protects them against illness spread. 45.5% of the subjects looking forward to the implementation of infection control procedures. 89,0% of them require that the dentists wear gloves throughout the dental treatment whilst 63.6% prefer the protection mask . Conclusions Dental patients’ awareness in terms of infection control must influence the dentists’ choice of using the equipments and protocols in order to adopt the European safety standards during the dental treatment

QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

Health-related quality of life studies are important because they can express benefits or damage to health care. The tools for measuring the quality of life at the individual level are described in the form of questionnaires. If a foreign questionnaire is used, it is mandatory to test the psychometric properties: fidelity and validity. The OHIP 14 questionnaire made by Slade and Spencer in English is used to assess the quality of life correlated with oral health in adult population. Before being used in Romanian, it was tested on a group of 928 subjects in Iasi County, following the WHO methodology. The results of the study have shown that both, fidelity and validity, have obtained high values, so that the questionnaire can be used as a measure of quality of life related with oral health

PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INFECTION CONTROL IN THE DENTAL PRACTICE

Objectiv: This study aims to investigate patients concern and knowledge regarding the cross-infection risk and the infection control methods in the dental practice. Material and methods: The questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 170 patients aged 16 to 68 years. The questionnaire included 20 items related to the medical staff protection equipment, dentist professional appearance and safety protocols in the dental practice. The patients’ answers were analyzed by gender, age and education level. using the SPSS 15.0 statistical package and levels of statistical significance were set at p<0.05. Results: The results revealed that 83,6% of the patients have confidence that the medical staff protects them from catching general illnesses during dental treatment.45,5% of the patients are concerned about the procedures used by the dentist to control cross-infection. Positive responses were associated with traditional professional clothing as the white coat and the name tag. 89,0% of the patients want the dentists to wear rubber gloves, 63,6% agree to face masks and 47,2% to protective eye glasses. Conclusions: The results of the present study prove that most patients trust the dentist in the matter of infection control protocols adopted in the dental office but they claim a better approach in this domain. The medical team has the responsibility to inform the patient on the measures which have been taken to reduce the risk of infection, in order to increase the public confidence in dental care safety