1,948 research outputs found
Critical behavior for mixed site-bond directed percolation
We study mixed site-bond directed percolation on 2D and 3D lattices by using
time-dependent simulations. Our results are compared with rigorous bounds
recently obtained by Liggett and by Katori and Tsukahara. The critical
fractions and of sites and bonds are extremely well
approximated by a relationship reported earlier for isotropic percolation,
, where and are the critical fractions in
pure site and bond directed percolation.Comment: 10 pages, figures available on request from [email protected]
The QWalk Simulator of Quantum Walks
Several research groups are giving special attention to quantum walks
recently, because this research area have been used with success in the
development of new efficient quantum algorithms. A general simulator of quantum
walks is very important for the development of this area, since it allows the
researchers to focus on the mathematical and physical aspects of the research
instead of deviating the efforts to the implementation of specific numerical
simulations. In this paper we present QWalk, a quantum walk simulator for one-
and two-dimensional lattices. Finite two-dimensional lattices with generic
topologies can be used. Decoherence can be simulated by performing measurements
or by breaking links of the lattice. We use examples to explain the usage of
the software and to show some recent results of the literature that are easily
reproduced by the simulator.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in Computer Physics Communications.
Simulator can be downloaded from http://qubit.lncc.br/qwal
Limit Theorem for Continuous-Time Quantum Walk on the Line
Concerning a discrete-time quantum walk X^{(d)}_t with a symmetric
distribution on the line, whose evolution is described by the Hadamard
transformation, it was proved by the author that the following weak limit
theorem holds: X^{(d)}_t /t \to dx / \pi (1-x^2) \sqrt{1 - 2 x^2} as t \to
\infty. The present paper shows that a similar type of weak limit theorems is
satisfied for a {\it continuous-time} quantum walk X^{(c)}_t on the line as
follows: X^{(c)}_t /t \to dx / \pi \sqrt{1 - x^2} as t \to \infty. These
results for quantum walks form a striking contrast to the central limit theorem
for symmetric discrete- and continuous-time classical random walks: Y_{t}/
\sqrt{t} \to e^{-x^2/2} dx / \sqrt{2 \pi} as t \to \infty. The work deals also
with issue of the relationship between discrete and continuous-time quantum
walks. This topic, subject of a long debate in the previous literature, is
treated within the formalism of matrix representation and the limit
distributions are exhaustively compared in the two cases.Comment: 15 pages, title correcte
Estimation of the order parameter exponent of critical cellular automata using the enhanced coherent anomaly method.
The stochastic cellular automaton of Rule 18 defined by Wolfram [Rev. Mod.
Phys. 55 601 (1983)] has been investigated by the enhanced coherent anomaly
method. Reliable estimate was found for the critical exponent, based on
moderate sized () clusters.Comment: 6 pages, RevTeX file, figure available from [email protected]
REBOUND CHARACTORISTICS OF BASEBALL IN DIFFERENT SURFACES
INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the number of cases to introduce artificial turf in various fields as sports surface has increased. In Japan, many of stadiums that are the field of professional baseball have adopted artificial turf. In soccer and rugby, the guideline for the field of artificial turf is formulated by these associations. But, such a guideline doesn't exist for baseball stadiums.
This research aims to prepare basic data for guideline of the baseball stadium by comparison test between the fifth generation artificial turf, previous generation artificial turf, natural turf, and soil
Liquid Crystal-Solid Interface Structure at the Antiferroelectric-Ferroelectric Phase Transition
Total Internal Reflection (TIR) is used to probe the molecular organization
at the surface of a tilted chiral smectic liquid crystal at temperatures in the
vicinity of the bulk antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. Data are
interpreted using an exact analytical solution of a real model for
ferroelectric order at the surface. In the mixture T3, ferroelectric surface
order is expelled with the bulk ferroelectric-antiferroelectric transition. The
conditions for ferroelectric order at the surface of an antiferroelectric bulk
are presented
A supercritical series analysis for the generalized contact process with diffusion
We study a model that generalizes the CP with diffusion. An additional
transition is included in the model so that at a particular point of its phase
diagram a crossover from the directed percolation to the compact directed
percolation class will happen. We are particularly interested in the effect of
diffusion on the properties of the crossover between the universality classes.
To address this point, we develop a supercritical series expansion for the
ultimate survival probability and analyse this series using d-log Pad\'e and
partial differential approximants. We also obtain approximate solutions in the
one- and two-site dynamical mean-field approximations. We find evidences that,
at variance to what happens in mean-field approximations, the crossover
exponent remains close to even for quite high diffusion rates, and
therefore the critical line in the neighborhood of the multicritical point
apparently does not reproduce the mean-field result (which leads to )
as the diffusion rate grows without bound
Is NanoGRAV signals pointing towards resonant particle creation during inflation?
We show that the observed cosmic gravitational wave background by the
NANOGrav 15-year collaboration may be the result of resonant particle creation
during inflation. For the appropriate amplitude and particle mass an
enhancement of the primordial scalar power spectrum could induce Secondary
Induced Gravitational Waves (SIGW) which will appear on a scale corresponding
to the frequency of the NANOGrav detection. Since the resonant creation will
have an effect comparable to that of a delta function increment as studied by
the NANOGrav 15-year collaboration, our study indicates that the low-frequency
Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) data could reveal the aspects of the physics during
inflation through the detection of a cosmic background of Gravitational Waves
(GW).Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Echoic memory of a single pure tone indexed by change-related brain activity
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rapid detection of sensory change is important to survival. The process should relate closely to memory since it requires that the brain separate a new stimulus from an ongoing background or past event. Given that sensory memory monitors current sensory status and works to pick-up changes in real-time, any change detected by this system should evoke a change-related cortical response. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the single presentation of a sound is enough to elicit a change-related cortical response, and therefore, shape a memory trace enough to separate a subsequent stimulus.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Under a paradigm where two pure sounds 300 ms in duration and 800 or 840 Hz in frequency were presented in a specific order at an even probability, cortical responses to each sound were measured with magnetoencephalograms. Sounds were grouped to five events regardless of their frequency, 1D, 2D, and 3D (a sound preceded by one, two, or three different sounds), and 1S and 2S (a sound preceded by one or two same sounds). Whereas activation in the planum temporale did not differ among events, activation in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) was clearly greater for the different events (1D, 2D, 3D) than the same event (1S and 2S).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>One presentation of a sound is enough to shape a memory trace for comparison with a subsequent physically different sound and elicits change-related cortical responses in the STG. The STG works as a real-time sensory gate open to a new event.</p
Fractional recurrence in discrete-time quantum walk
Quantum recurrence theorem holds for quantum systems with discrete energy
eigenvalues and fails to hold in general for systems with continuous energy. We
show that during quantum walk process dominated by interference of amplitude
corresponding to different paths fail to satisfy the complete quantum
recurrence theorem. Due to the revival of the fractional wave packet, a
fractional recurrence characterized using quantum P\'olya number can be seen.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure : Accepted to appear in Central European Journal
of Physic
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