1,431 research outputs found
International Financial Issues in the Pacific Rim: Global Imbalances, Financial Liberalization, and Exchange Rate Policy (NBER-EASE Volume 17)
Probing the Low Mass Stellar End of the eta Chamaeleontis Cluster
We have identified three faint new members of the eta Chamaeleontis cluster.
Spectral types of the new members are estimated to be ~M5 based on their TiO
band strengths and broadband colors. With an age of 5-8 Myr for the cluster,
masses of these new members are estimated to be ~0.08 Msun. All three display
strong Li 6708A absorption and Halpha emission features including one with
Halpha emission equivalent width ~60A along with HeI 6678 & 7605 A emission
features that are characteristics of classical T Tauri stars.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted in Ap
Preparation and characterization of lithium thio-germanate thin film electrolytes grown by RF sputtering for solid state Li-ion batteries
In this study, lithium thio-germanate thin amorphous films were prepared as electrolytes for lithium rechargeable batteries by RF sputtering deposition in Ar atmosphere. The targets for RF sputtering were prepared by milling the appropriate amounts of the starting materials in the nLi2S+GeS2(n = 1, 2, and 3), Li2GeS3, Li4GeS4 and Li6GeS5, binary system. The ~1 ฮผm thin film electrolytes were grown onto a variety of substrates using 50 W power and 25 mtorr gas pressure. Films were sputtered in inactive Ar atmospheres. IR, Raman spectroscopy and XRD were used to characterize the chemical bonding and the local structures in the films. XPS spectroscopy was used to further characterize the composition and electronic structures of the films.
Ionic conductivity measurements of the electrolyte film using impedance spectroscopy were used to examine the Li2S dependence of the conductivity. The conductivities of the thin films at 25 oC is 1.7 x10-3 (S/cm). This ionic conductivities of the thin films are two order magnitude higher than oxide thin films (LiPON) which are commercial thin film electrolytes. Therefore, lithium thio-germanate thin film electrolytes are very promising materials for use Li-ion batteries
์๊ด ๋ด LED๋ณด๊ด์ ๊ด์ง์ด ์จ์ค ์ฌ๋ฐฐ ํํ๋ฆฌ์นด์ ๊ณผ์ค ํ์ง๊ณผ ํฅ ์ฑ๋ถ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๋์
์๋ช
๊ณผํ๋ํ ๋๋ฆผ์๋ฌผ์์ํ๋ถ, 2022. 8. ์์ ์ต.Seasonal low light intensity and short photoperiods lead to decreased yield, size, and quality of fruits in the Northern Hemisphere. Recently, supplemental lighting using LEDs has been introduced to overcome such problems. However, most studies have focused on plant growth or fruit yield but not on taste. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and volatile compounds of greenhouse sweet pepper fruits under three different light conditions: natural light only (NL), red and blue (RB) interlighting, and RB interlighting with additional FR (RBFR). Sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown in a Venlo-type glasshouse. The red to blue ratio of the LED was 8:2, and the combined light intensity was adjusted to 100 ฮผmol m-2 s-1 at a distance of 20 cm. The spectral intensity of FR was 60 ฮผmol m-2 s-1. The average daily light integral (DLI) during cultivation was 16.6 mol m-2 d-1. The size, color, firmness, and soluble sugar concentration of the harvested fruit were investigated, and sensory evaluation was conducted by nine trained panelists. Individual fruit fresh weights were higher in the order of RBFR, NL, and RB, with mean values of 219.1, 201.7, and 197.4 g, respectively. Additionally, the compositions of volatile compounds demonstrated a distinct clustering pattern by light treatments, implying that the LED interlighting spectra affected the overall taste of sweet pepper fruits. The sensory evaluation indicated that sweetness was higher in the order of RBFR, RB, and NL, with values of 5.28, 4.36, and 3.72, respectively. The soluble sugar results showed the same order as that for the sensory evaluation of sweetness, i.e., RBFR, RB, and NL, with values of 5071, 4647, and 3978 ฮผg FW-1, respectively. Based on these results, it can be seen that adding FR to RB interlighting could improve the fruit quality attributes, fruit taste perception, and soluble sugars of sweet peppers compared to those under RB and NL.๊ด์ ์๋ฌผ์ ์์ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ํ์ง์ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ์ค๋ค. ์จ์ค ์ฌ๋ฐฐ์์ ๋ณด๊ด์ ๋์ ๊ธฐ์ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์งง์ ์ผ์กฐ๋์ ๋ณด์ถฉํ๊ณ ์ฐ์ค ์์ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ค ํ์ง ์ ์ง๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋์
๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ ์+์ฒญ์ ๋ฐ ์์ ์๊ด์ ์ด์ฉํ ๋ณด๊ด์ด ์ฐฉ์๋จ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๊ณผ์ค ํ์ง๊ณผ ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ ํ์ ์ด๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ฐ๊ด, ์ ์+์ฒญ์ ๋ณด๊ด, ์ ์+์ฒญ์+์์ ์ ๋ณด๊ด ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ์ฌ๋ฐฐํ ์ฐฉ์๋จ๊ณ ์ถ ๊ณผ์ค์ ํํ, ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋, ์, ๋ง ํ์ง์ ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ์ํ ํ ๊ฐ ๊ณผ์ค์ ๋ฌด๊ฒ, ๊ณผ์ฅ, ๊ณผํญ, ์์ ์ธก์ ํ์๊ณ , ๋น, ์ฐ, ํฅ ์ฑ๋ถ์ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์คํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ณผ์ค ์์ฒด์ค์ ์ ์+์ฒญ์+์์ ์ ๋ณด๊ด, ์์ฐ๊ด, ์ ์+์ฒญ์ ๋ณด๊ด ์์๋ก ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ์ค์ ๋น์ฑ๋ถ๊ณผ ํจ๋ ํ
์คํธ์ ๋จ๋ง ์ ์ ๋ฐ ์ด ์ ํธ๋ ์ญ์ ์ ์+์ฒญ์+์์ ์ ๋ณด๊ด, ์ ์+์ฒญ์ ๋ณด๊ด, ์์ฐ๊ด ์์ผ๋ก ๋์๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ด ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ณ๋ก ๊ณผ์ค์ ํฅ๋ฏธ ์ฑ๋ถ์ด ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์งํ ๋์๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ด ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๊ด์ง์ด ๊ณผ์ค์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ง๊ณผ ์ ํธ๋์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์ณค์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฃ๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์ ์+์ฒญ์ ๋ณด๊ด์ ์์ ์๊ด์ ์ถ๊ฐํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ ์ฐฉ์๋จ๊ณ ์ถ์ ์์ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ค์ ๋ง๊ณผ ํ์ง์ ๊ฐ์ ํ ์ ์์์ ์ฆ๋ช
ํ์๋ค.INTRODUCTION 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
MATERIALS AND METHODS 7
RESULTS 16
DISCUSSION 29
CONCLUSION 35
LITERATURE CITED 36
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 42์
Trade in Services in the Asia Pacific Region, NBER East Asia Seminar on Economics (EASE), Volume 11
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