The effect of medically-attended injury experience on the use of home safety equipment

Purpose To assess the effect of medically-attended injury (MAI) on the use of home safety equipment, we analyzed the differences in parents’ perception and attitude about injury prevention, and use of home safety equipment depending on the children’s MAI experiences. Methods From March 2018 through February 2019, we surveyed parents of children aged 5 years or younger via a mobile phone. The parents were divided into the MAI and non-MAI groups. The mobile survey focused on the perception and attitude about injury prevention, and use of home safety equipment (if not used, barriers). Results Of the 204 parents, 75 (36.8%) reported their children’s MAI, comprising the MAI group. This group used the safety equipment more frequently than the non-MAI group (odds ratio, 7.03; 95% confidence interval, 3.39-14.59; P < 0.001). No significant differences between the 2 groups were found in the perception and attitude about injury prevention, barriers to the use of the equipment, and the type of the equipment in use. Conclusion Parents’ experience in their children’s MAIs was associated with the use of home safety equipment, but it did not affect their perception and attitude about injury prevention. A visit to the emergency department with MAI is an opportunity for education on injury prevention and changes of the attitude

Prediction of Host-Specific Genes by Pan-Genome Analyses of the Korean Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

The soil-borne pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a group of plant pathogens that is economically destructive worldwide and has a broad host range, including various solanaceae plants, banana, ginger, sesame, and clove. Previously, Korean RSSC strains isolated from samples of potato bacterial wilt were grouped into four pathotypes based on virulence tests against potato, tomato, eggplant, and pepper. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 25 Korean RSSC strains selected based on these pathotypes. The newly sequenced genomes were analyzed to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the strains with average nucleotide identity values, and structurally compared via multiple genome alignment using Mauve software. To identify candidate genes responsible for the host specificity of the pathotypes, functional genome comparisons were conducted by analyzing pan-genome orthologous group (POG) and type III secretion system effectors (T3es). POG analyses revealed that a total of 128 genes were shared only in tomato-non-pathogenic strains, 8 genes in tomato-pathogenic strains, 5 genes in eggplant-non-pathogenic strains, 7 genes in eggplant-pathogenic strains, 1 gene in pepper-non-pathogenic strains, and 34 genes in pepper-pathogenic strains. When we analyzed T3es, three host-specific effectors were predicted: RipS3 (SKWP3) and RipH3 (HLK3) were found only in tomato-pathogenic strains, and RipAC (PopC) were found only in eggplant-pathogenic strains. Overall, we identified host-specific genes and effectors that may be responsible for virulence functions in RSSC in silico. The expected characters of those genes suggest that the host range of RSSC is determined by the comprehensive actions of various virulence factors, including effectors, secretion systems, and metabolic enzymes

Adverse effects of adaptive mutation to survive static culture conditions on successful fitness of the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae in a host.

Bacteria often possess relatively flexible genome structures and adaptive genetic variants that allow survival in unfavorable growth conditions. Bacterial survival tactics in disadvantageous microenvironments include mutations that are beneficial against threats in their niche. Here, we report that the aerobic rice bacterial pathogen Burkholderia glumae BGR1 changes a specific gene for improved survival in static culture conditions. Static culture triggered formation of colony variants with deletions or point mutations in the gene bspP (BGLU_RS28885), which putatively encodes a protein that contains PDC2, PAS-9, SpoIIE, and HATPase domains. The null mutant of bspP survived longer in static culture conditions and produced a higher level of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate than the wild type. Expression of the bacterial cellulose synthase regulator (bcsB) gene was upregulated in the mutant, consistent with the observation that the mutant formed pellicles faster than the wild type. Mature pellicle formation was observed in the bspP mutant before pellicle formation in wild-type BGR1. However, the population density of the bspP null mutant decreased substantially when grown in Luria-Bertani medium with vigorous agitation due to failure of oxalate-mediated detoxification of the alkaline environment. The bspP null mutant was less virulent and exhibited less effective colonization of rice plants than the wild type. All phenotypes caused by mutations in bspP were recovered to those of the wild type by genetic complementation. Thus, although wild-type B. glumae BGR1 prolonged viability by spontaneous mutation under static culture conditions, such genetic changes negatively affected colonization in rice plants. These results suggest that adaptive gene sacrifice of B. glumae to survive unfavorable growth conditions is not always desirable as it can adversely affect adaptability in the host

High-Quality Train Data Generation for Deep Learning-Based Web Page Classification Models

The current deep learning models detecting relevant web pages show low accuracy because of the poor quality of the training data. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to automatically generate high-quality training data based on the frequency of the document including the entity of interest. Our experimental results with movies and cellphones data sets show that the average $F_{1}$ -score of the deep learning models (FNN, CNN, Bi-LSTM, and SeqGAN) trained with our proposed algorithm shows up to 0.9992 in $F_{1}$ -score

Effect of the flow structure on the indoor deposition of particulate matter

Abstract: Indoor air quality, especially in terms of particulate matter (PM), is a critical public health concern. Although various methods for removing indoor PM have been suggested, the effects of various influential factors on PM deposition have not been clearly understood. Here, the effect of the flow structure inside a test chamber on PM deposition was quantitatively investigated using flow visualization techniques. To elucidate the flow parameters that influence the PM deposition, the efficiency of PM removal and deposition constant were examined for different flow directions, flow velocities, and distances between the fan and the surface of the test chamber. The spatial distributions of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity inside the test chamber were obtained experimentally using a particle image velocimetry technique to understand the mechanism associated with PM deposition. The overall mean velocity, recirculating flow region, and turbulent intensity in the near-wall regions may partially explain the difference in the PM deposition under various flow conditions. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Visualization Society of Japan.11Nsciescopu

Pressure distribution in tilting and reclining wheelchairs with an air cushion: A pilot study

Study aim: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal angle for maximizing pressure distribution in two types of wheelchairs (tilting and reclining) while using a ROHO cushion, which offers relatively effective pressure distribution