Novos Isolados De Trichoderma Antagônicos A Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

Forty-nine isolates of Trichoderma from the Brazilian Midwest were evaluated for their antagonistic activity in vitro against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold), which were then identified based on their nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Paired culture tests showed that all isolates exhibited some antagonism, with a maximum of 77% mycelial inhibition and complete inhibition of sclerotia production. Two isolates were found to be the most promising biocontrol agents, considering both antagonistic parameters (CEN1253 - T. koningiopsis and CEN1265 - T. brevicompactum). Five different species were identified: T. harzianum (23), T. spirale (9), T. koningiopsis (8), T. brevicompactum (7) and T. asperellum (2). These isolates are stored in the Embrapa Fungi Collection for Biological Control and the information obtained in the experiments will be incorporated into the database of biological assets within the genetic resources information system (Allele) and be made available for further studies. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.16

Detecting a decline in serial homicide : have we banished the devil from the details?

The current research provides perspective regarding the true prevalence of serial murderers in modern society and addresses the conflict between the evidenced decline in serial homicide and the viewpoint that the phenomenon is increasing. The likelihood that serial murderers are responsible for most unresolved homicides and missing persons is examined in the context of a declining prevalence. A mixed methods approach was used, consisting of a review of a sample of unresolved homicides, a comparative analysis of the frequency of known serial homicide series and unresolved serial homicide series, and semi-structured interviews of experts. In failing to become serial killers, aspiring and probable serial killers and spree killers have impacted the rate of serial murder by not reaching their potential. The past decade contained almost half the cases (13%) that existed at the 1980s peak of serial homicide (27%). Only 282 (1.3%) strangled females made up the 22,444 unresolved homicides reviewed. Most expert respondents thought it unreasonable that any meaningful proportion of missing persons cases are victims of serial homicide. Technology, shifts in offending behavior, proactive law enforcement action, and vigilance of society have transformed serial killing and aids in viewing offenders as people impacted by societal shifts and cultural norms. The absence of narrative details inhibited some aspects of the review. An exhaustive list of known unresolved serial homicide series remained elusive as some missing persons are never reported. Future research should incorporate those intending to murder serially, but whose efforts were stalled by arrest, imprisonment, or death

Isolamento e identificação de linhagens de Trichoderma em amostras de solos de cultivos de alho e cebola.

bitstream/item/170359/1/FINAL-boletim-de-pesquisa-e-desenvolvimento-330.pdf(Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, 330

Implantação de metodologia Msap (Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism) para análise global de diversidade epigenética.

bitstream/item/156504/1/comunicado-tecnico-203-2.pd

Efeito de compostos orgânicos voláteis de Trichoderma spp. no crescimento de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary.

Fungos do gênero Trichoderma apresentam potencial relevante para o controle de doenças de plantas devido aos seus diversos mecanismos de ação, como a produção de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs). O fungo fitopatogênico Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary causa a doença denominada mofo-branco, podridão-de-esclerotinia ou murcha-deesclerotinia, em diversas espécies vegetais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de COVs produzidos por diferentes linhagens de Trichoderma no crescimento e na morfologia do micélio de S. sclerotiorum. Os ensaios foram realizados em laboratório por meio de testes de placa invertida com avaliação da inibição do crescimento micelial e análises microscópicas das hifas de S. sclerotiorum. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos a partir da linhagem de Trichoderma sp. CEN 1241, com até 35% de inibição do crescimento micelial de S. sclerotiorum. Todas as linhagens de Trichoderma testadas diminuíram a espessura do micélio do patógeno. A diversidade de espécies de Trichoderma e de COVs produzidos por linhagens desse fungo podem possibilitar o desenvolvimento de estratégias de uso de tais compostos no controle de doenças de plantas.bitstream/item/197397/1/Boletim-Trichoderma-3466.pd

Seleção in vitro de linhagens de Trichoderma para controle da podridão-branca do alho e da cebola.

A podridão-branca é uma doença causada pelo fungo Sclerotium cepivorum que ataca as aliáceas, em todas as regiões de cultivo. O fungo Trichoderma vem sendo utilizado no controle de várias doenças de plantas de importância agrícola e apresenta-se como uma das melhores alternativas para o controle da podridão-branca, em cultivos de alho e cebola. Doze linhagens pertencentes a seis espécies de Trichoderma previamente identificadas, isoladas de solos de cultivo de alho e cebola foram utilizadas neste estudo. As linhagens foram analisadas quanto ao potencial de proteção de plantas, pela promoção de crescimento ou supressão do patógeno, sendo também analisadas quanto à sensibilidade ao extrato de alho. Experimentos in vitro mostraram que a linhagem CEN1416 de T. harzianum destacou-se, apresentando efeito positivo nas plantas cultivadas in vitro e inoculadas com o patógeno, as quais diferiram significativamente no crescimento de raiz e parte aérea. Esta linhagem também apresentou bom crescimento em meio contendo extrato de alho, enquanto algumas outras foram totalmente inibidas, como no caso da linhagem CEN1418 de T. asperellum. Estes resultados são importantes, pois trazem novos parâmetros para seleção de linhagens de Trichoderma ativos contra S. cepivorum. Estudos complementares estão sendo desenvolvidos, envolvendo o isolado CEN1416, para confirmar seu potencial de biocontrole da podridão-branca do alho e da cebola.bitstream/item/176100/1/Trichodermafinal.pd

Landscape Changes Influence the Occurrence of the Melioidosis Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil in Northern Australia

Melioidosis is a severe disease affecting humans and animals in the tropics. It is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which lives in tropical soil and especially occurs in southeast Asia and northern Australia. Despite the recognition that melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease, little is known about the habitat of B. pseudomallei in the environment. We performed a survey in the Darwin area in tropical Australia, screening 809 soil samples for the presence of these bacteria using molecular methods. We found that environmental factors describing the habitat of these bacteria differed between environmentally undisturbed and disturbed sites. At undisturbed sites, B. pseudomallei was primarily found in close proximity to streams and in grass- and roots-rich areas. In disturbed soil, B. pseudomallei was associated with the presence of animals, farming or irrigation. Highest B. pseudomallei counts were retrieved from paddocks, pens and kennels holding livestock and dogs. This study contributes to the elucidation of the habitat of B. pseudomallei in northern Australia. It also raises concerns that B. pseudomallei may spread due to changes in land management

The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: Do both have a role in sustained attention?

It is well established that nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NbM) lesions impair performance on tests of sustained attention. Previous work from this laboratory has also demonstrated that pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) lesioned rats make more omissions on a test of sustained attention, suggesting that it might also play a role in mediating this function. However, the results of the PPTg study were open to alternative interpretation. We aimed to resolve this by conducting a detailed analysis of the effects of damage to each brain region in the same sustained attention task used in our previous work. Rats were trained in the task before surgery and post-surgical testing examined performance in response to unpredictable light signals of 1500 ms and 4000 ms duration. Data for PPTg lesioned rats were compared to control rats, and rats with 192 IgG saporin infusions centred on the NbM. In addition to operant data, video data of rats' performance during the task were also analysed