Survival of two strains of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) reared on transgenic potatoes expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein

[Otros] Survie de deux souches de Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) élevées sur des pommes de terre transgéniques exprimant la protéine CrylAb de Bacillus thuringiensis. Deux populations de Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), l'une supposée résistante au DipelTM (une préparation commerciale de delta-endotoxines de Bacillus thuringiensis) et l'autre sensible, ont été cultivées sur quatre cultivars de pomme de terre, deux transgéniques de première génération, exprimant la protéine CrylAb de Bacillus thuringiensis, et deux non transformés. La population de papillons considérée comme résistante a présenté une mortalité inférieure à celle de l'autre population, mais n'était pas vraiment résistante à CrylAb. Les pommes de terre transgéniques étaient en partie protégées d'une attaque de l'insecte. La survie au stade adulte des deux souches de Phthorimaea élevées sur les plantes transgéniques était au moins deux fois inférieure à celle constatée sur les plantes non transformées. Il en résulte que les pommes de terre exprimant le gène cry1Ab sont partiellement protégées des attaques du papillon. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)[EN] Two populations of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), one of them presumed to be resistant to Dipel (a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins), and the other susceptible, were grown on four cultivars of potatoes, two of them a first generation of transgenic plants, expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab delta endotoxin protein, and the other two untransformed. The moth population which was reported to be resistant, proved to have less mortality than the susceptible one, but it was not really resistant to Cry1Ab. The transgenic potatoes were partially protected against the attack of the moth. The adult survival of the two strains of Phthorimaea operculella reared on transgenic potatoes was less than half their survival on untransformed potatoes, so that Cry1Ab expressing potato tubers proved to protect partially against attack of the moth. ((C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris.).We thank Juan Ferre for helpful discussion and suggestions. We thank also Eric Bonnel, from Germicopa (France), who provided us the two transgenic and one of the untransformed tubers; Marnix Peferoen, from Plant Genetic System, who provided ust he two populations of Phthorimaea operculella. This research was funded by the European Comunity through AGRE 0003(GDF).Rico Inglada, E.; Ballester, V.; Ménsua, JL. (1998). Survival of two strains of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) reared on transgenic potatoes expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. Agronomie. 18(2):151-155. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:19980205S15115518

The Information Flow Problem in multi-agent systems

[EN] One of the problems related to the multi-agent systems area is the adequate exchange of information within the system. This problem is not only related to the availability of highly efficient and sophisticated message-passing mechanisms, which are in fact provided with by current multi-agent platforms, but also to the election of an appropriate communication strategy, which may also greatly influence the ability of the system to cope with the exchange of large amounts of data. Ideally, the communication strategy should be compatible with how the information flows in the system, that is, how agents share their knowledge with each other in order to fulfill the system-level goals. In this way, MAS designers must deal with the problem of analyzing the multi-agent system with respect the communication strategy that best suits the way the information flows in that particular system. This paper presents a formalization of this problem, which has been coined as the Information Flow Problem, and also presents a complete case study with an empirical evaluation involving four well-known communication strategies and eight typical multi-agent systems.This work was partially supported by MINECO/FEDER TIN2015-65515-C4-1-R and TIN2014-55206-R of the Spanish government.Búrdalo Rapa, LA.; Terrasa Barrena, AM.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; García-Fornes, A. (2018). The Information Flow Problem in multi-agent systems. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 70:130-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2018.01.011S1301417

Adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico en varón de 83 años que acude por hematuria

Limitation of therapeutic effort (LET) is a medical term that is not without controversy. Some authors argue that the limitation is an expression that could be considered pejorative and they believe that it would be more appropriate to talk about “adjustment”, in order to avoid “negative” connotations regarding patient care. It is not a matter of “stop acting”, but adopting a proactive attitude that includes adding or modifying measures according to the therapeutic objectives of the moment. LET as a concept is today fully accepted. Its use is very frequent in the field of Internal Medicine and it is considered a quality standard.La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET) es un término médico que no está exento de polémica. Algunos autores defienden que la limitación es una expresión que podría considerarse peyorativa y creen que sería más apropiado hablar de “ajuste”, para evitar connotaciones “negativas” con respecto a la atención al paciente. No se trata de “dejar de actuar”, sino de adoptar una actitud proactiva que incluye agregar o modificar medidas de acuerdo con los objetivos terapéuticos del momento. Hoy en día, el termino LET está totalmente aceptado. Su uso es muy frecuente en el campo de la Medicina Interna y se considera un estándar de calidad

¡Si yo fuera rico!: novela original

315 p

Adding real data to detect emotions by means of smart resource artifacts in MAS

[EN] This article proposes an application of a social emotional model, which allows to extract, analyse, represent and manage the social emotion of a group of entities. Specifically, the application is based on how music can influence in a positive or negative way over emotional states. The proposed approach employs the JaCalIVE framework, which facilitates the development of this kind of environments. A physical device called smart resource offers to agents processed sensor data as a service. So that, agents obtain real data from a smart resource. MAS uses the smart resource as an artifact by means of a specific communications protocol. The framework includes a design method and a physical simulator. In this way, the social emotional model allows the creation of simulations over JaCalIVE, in which the emotional states are used in the decision-making of the agents.This work is partially supported by the MINECO/FEDER TIN2015-65515-C4-1-R and the FPI grant AP2013-01276 awarded to Jaime-Andres Rincon.Ricon, JA.; Poza-Lujan, J.; Posadas-Yagüe, J.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Carrascosa Casamayor, C. (2016). Adding real data to detect emotions by means of smart resource artifacts in MAS. ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal. 5(4):85-92. https://doi.org/10.14201/ADCAIJ2016548592S85925

Improving the Tracing System in PANGEA Using the TRAMMAS Model

This paper presents the integration of the tracing model TRAMMAS in an agent platform called PANGEA. This platform allows to developed multiagent systems modeled as Virtual Organizations. The concepts of roles, organizations and norms are fully supported by the platform assuring flexibility and scalability. Before TRAMMAS, this platform uses a Sniffer Agent to trace the information reducing its scalability as a centralized mechanism. TRAMMAS proposes the use of event tracing in multiagent systems, as an indirect interaction and coordination mechanism to improve the amount and quality of the information that agents can perceive in order to fulfill their goals more efficiently. Moreover, the event tracing system can help reducing the amount of unnecessary information